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  2. Energy transformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_transformation

    Fire is an example of energy transformation Energy transformation using Energy Systems Language. Energy transformation, also known as energy conversion, is the process of changing energy from one form to another. [1] In physics, energy is a quantity that provides the capacity to perform work or moving (e.g. lifting an object) or provides heat.

  3. Heat transfer physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_transfer_physics

    The macroscopic energy equation for infinitesimal volume used in heat transfer analysis is [6] = +, ˙, where q is heat flux vector, −ρc p (∂T/∂t) is temporal change of internal energy (ρ is density, c p is specific heat capacity at constant pressure, T is temperature and t is time), and ˙ is the energy conversion to and from thermal ...

  4. Rate of heat flow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_of_heat_flow

    Heat is the flow of thermal energy driven by thermal non-equilibrium, so the term 'heat flow' is a redundancy (i.e. a pleonasm). Heat must not be confused with stored thermal energy, and moving a hot object from one place to another must not be called heat transfer. However, it is common to say ‘heat flow’ to mean ‘heat content’. [1]

  5. Laws of thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_of_thermodynamics

    Heat transfer is the natural process of moving energy to or from a system, other than by work or the transfer of matter. In a diathermal system, the internal energy can only be changed by the transfer of energy as heat: Δ U s y s t e m = Q . {\displaystyle \Delta U_{\rm {system}}=Q.}

  6. Heat flux - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_flux

    In physics and engineering, heat flux or thermal flux, sometimes also referred to as heat flux density [1], heat-flow density or heat-flow rate intensity, is a flow of energy per unit area per unit time. Its SI units are watts per square metre (W/m 2). It has both a direction and a magnitude, and so it is a vector quantity.

  7. Heat transfer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_transfer

    Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the generation, use, conversion, and exchange of thermal energy between physical systems. Heat transfer is classified into various mechanisms, such as thermal conduction, thermal convection, thermal radiation, and transfer of energy by phase changes.

  8. Second law of thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_law_of_thermodynamics

    The energy and entropy of unpolarized blackbody thermal radiation, is calculated using the spectral energy and entropy radiance expressions derived by Max Planck [63] using equilibrium statistical mechanics, = ⁡ (), = ((+) ⁡ (+) ⁡ ()) where c is the speed of light, k is the Boltzmann constant, h is the Planck constant, ν is frequency ...

  9. Convection (heat transfer) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convection_(Heat_transfer)

    The convection heat transfer mode comprises two mechanism. In addition to energy transfer due to specific molecular motion , energy is transferred by bulk, or macroscopic, motion of the fluid. This motion is associated with the fact that, at any instant, large numbers of molecules are moving collectively or as aggregates.