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American astronaut Marsha Ivins demonstrates the effects of microgravity on her hair in space. The effects of spaceflight on the human body are complex and largely harmful over both short and long term. [1] Significant adverse effects of long-term weightlessness include muscle atrophy and deterioration of the skeleton (spaceflight osteopenia). [2]
The Space Shuttle Program and, in particular, EDOMP has provided a great deal of knowledge about the effects of spaceflight on human physiology and specifically on alterations in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function.
dependence of risk on dose-rates in space related to the biology of DNA repair, cell regulation and tissue responses; predicting solar particle events (SPEs) extrapolation from experimental data to humans and between human populations; individual radiation sensitivity factors (genetic, epigenetic, dietary or "healthy worker" effects)
A model for investigating mechanisms of heart disease and mechanisms of activation of sympathoadrenal activity in humans during spaceflight (CARD) [7] A description of the experiment and the performance status is given in ESA's Erasmus Experiment Archive (EEA) and in addition a condensed account of the experiment's aim and foundation has been provided in ESA's Human Spaceflight Science ...
Aerospace physiology is the study of the effects of high altitudes on the body, such as different pressures and levels of oxygen. At different altitudes the body may react in different ways, provoking more cardiac output , and producing more erythrocytes .
Hypergravity conditions are created on Earth for research on human physiology in aerial combat and space flight, as well as testing of materials and equipment for space missions. Manufacturing of titanium aluminide turbine blades in 20 g is being explored by researchers at the European Space Agency (ESA) via an 8-meter wide Large Diameter ...
Space medicine was a critical factor in the United States human space program, starting with Project Mercury. [18] The main precaution taken by Mercury astronauts to defend against high G environments like launch and reentry was a couch with seat belts to make sure astronauts were not forcibly moved from their position.
The Brain in Space; Human Physiology in Space; Williams D (1998). "From outer space to inner space. Neuroscience research aboard the space shuttle". Can Fam Physician. 44: 708–10, 718–20. PMC 2277804. PMID 9585839