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Vitamin K is a family of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamers found in foods and marketed as dietary supplements. [1] The human body requires vitamin K for post-synthesis modification of certain proteins that are required for blood coagulation ("K" from Danish koagulation, for "coagulation") or for controlling binding of calcium in bones and other tissues. [2]
"Vitamin K supports the synthesis of osteocalcin, a protein that binds calcium in bones, enhancing bone mineralization and reducing fracture risk," Dr. Durham says.
The menadione core is apparent in the structure of vitamin K. It is an intermediate in the chemical synthesis of vitamin K by first reduction to the diol menadiol, which is susceptible to coupling to the phytol. [10] It is a useful intermediate for organic synthesis in general, as it can be made and modified in a number of ways. [11]
Vitamin K 2 or menaquinone (MK) (/ ˌ m ɛ n ə ˈ k w ɪ n oʊ n /) is one of three types of vitamin K, the other two being vitamin K 1 (phylloquinone) and K 3 . K 2 is both a tissue and bacterial product (derived from vitamin K 1 in both cases) and is usually found in animal products or fermented foods .
In addition to blood coagulation, your body needs vitamin K to help maintain strong bones. “People who have higher levels of vitamin K have greater bone density, while low levels of vitamin K ...
Because osteocalcin has gla domains, its synthesis is vitamin K-dependent. In humans, osteocalcin is encoded by the BGLAP gene. [7] [8] Its receptors include GPRC6A, GPR158, and possibly a third, yet-to-be-identified receptor. [9] [10] There is evidence that GPR37 might be the third osteocalcin receptor. [11]
Vitamin K is a collective term for two natural forms of vitamin K: vitamin K 1 (phylloquinone) and vitamin K 2 (menaquinone). [14] [77] [78] Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of several proteins involved in blood clotting and bone metabolism.
VKAs diminish vitamin K levels in the body and inhibit the synthesis of vitamin K dependent clotting factors. [27] Thus, by inhibiting vitamin K, a key element by which the body produces clots, the risk of prolonged bleeding increases. [28] Traditionally, vitamin K has been used as a reversal agent for VKAs.
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