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The Wichita people, or Kitikiti'sh, are a confederation of Southern Plains Native American tribes. Historically they spoke the Wichita language and Kichai language , both Caddoan languages . They are indigenous to Oklahoma , Texas , and Kansas .
Etzanoa is a historical city of the Wichita people, located in present-day Arkansas City, Kansas, near the Arkansas River, that flourished between 1450 and 1700. [1] Dubbed "the Great Settlement" by Spanish explorers who visited the site, Etzanoa may have housed 20,000 Wichita people. [2]
Quivira was a province of the ancestral Wichita people, [1] located near the Great Bend of the Arkansas River in central Kansas, [1] The exact site may be near present-day Lyons extending northeast to Salina. The Wichita city of Etzanoa, which flourished between 1450 and 1700, is likely part of Quivira. [2]
The Taovaya and other Wichita tribes lived in beehive shaped houses thatched with grass and surrounded by fields of maize and other crops. The Taovaya are part of the Wichita tribes, which also include the Tawakoni, Waco ; and Guichita or Wichita Proper. [3] The Taovaya originated in Kansas, and possibly southern Nebraska. [2]
The U.S. state of Kansas, located on the eastern edge of the Great Plains, was the home of nomadic Native American tribes who hunted the vast herds of bison (often called "buffalo"). In around 1450 AD, the Wichita People founded the great city of Etzanoa. The city of Etzanoa was abandoned in around 1700 AD.
Cliff dwellings – Constructed in the sides of the mesas and mountains of the Southwest, cliff dwellings comprised a large number of the defensive structures of the Pueblo people. Jacal is a traditional adobe house built by the ancestral Pueblo peoples. Slim close-set poles were tied together and filled out with mud, clay and grasses, or adobe ...
The Bluff Creek, Wilmore, and Pratt complexes are in south central Kansas. A group of protohistoric Wichita people villages in central Kansas are called the Great Bend aspect. [11] The Wheeler phase dates from 1450 to 1700 CE, [12] which comprised the Edwards complex of southwest Oklahoma (1500–1650) and the Wheeler complex (1650–1725). [13]
In response, Spanish troops fought against the threat by the Comanche, French, and allied Native Americans. [7] The Cuartelejo Apache left the Kansas area by the 1730s. They were pushed south by the Pawnee, Comanche and Ute people. El Cuartelejo was abandoned and the Apache who survived the raids settled with the Jicarilla Apache at the Pecos ...