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The same suffix may be used with more than one category of number, as for example the orginary numbers secondary and tertiary and the distributive numbers binary and ternary. For the hundreds, there are competing forms: Those in -gent- , from the original Latin, and those in -cent- , derived from centi- , etc. plus the prefixes for 1 through 9 .
The misdirection in this riddle is in the second half of the description, where unrelated amounts are added together and the person to whom the riddle is posed assumes those amounts should add up to 30, and is then surprised when they do not — there is, in fact, no reason why the (10 − 1) × 3 + 2 = 29 sum should add up to 30.
99.3 is "ninety-nine point three"; or "ninety-nine and three tenths" (U.S., occasionally). In English the decimal point was originally printed in the center of the line (0·002), but with the advent of the typewriter it was placed at the bottom of the line, so that a single key could be used as a full stop/period and as a decimal point.
A bit is an antiquated term equal to one eighth of a dollar or 12 + 1 ⁄ 2 cents, after the Spanish 8-Real "piece of eight" coin on which the U.S. dollar was initially based. So "two bits" is twenty-five cents; similarly, "four bits" is fifty cents. More rare are "six bits" (75 cents) and "eight bits" meaning a dollar.
Based on this series of numerals there is a series of adverbs: simpliciter 'simply, frankly', dupliciter 'doubly, ambiguously', tripliciter 'in three different ways' etc., as well as verbs such as duplicāre 'to double', triplicāre 'to triple', quadruplicāre 'to make four times as much', and so on.
This piece may be performed with Twenty-Eight (Fifty-Four), Twenty-Nine (Fifty-Five), or both (Eighty-Three). All time brackets contain a single sound. The first violin starts the videoclock. Twenty-Eight: 3 flutes, 1 alto flute, 4 clarinets, 3 oboes, 1 English horn, 3 bassoons, 1 contrabassoon, 4 trumpets, 4 horns, 2 trombones, 1 bass trombone ...
A loaf of bread went for 10 cents in 1919 and today Wonder Bread goes for $3.50 a loaf, while a modern cotton farmer gets less money per pound than his great-grandfather did a century ago.
Numbers in mathematical formulae are never spelled out (3 < π < 22 / 7 not three < pi < twenty-two sevenths), and "numbers as numbers" are rarely spelled out in other mathematical contexts (the first three primes are 2, 3, and 5 not the first three primes are two, three, and five; but zero-sum game and roots of unity).