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The radula (US: / ˈ r æ dʒ ʊ l ə /; pl.: radulae or radulas) [1] is an anatomical structure used by mollusks for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. [2] It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters the esophagus .
Muscles that control the radula are shown in brown. The surface of the radula ribbon, with numerous teeth, is shown as a zig-zag line. The odontophore is part of the feeding mechanism in molluscs. It is the cartilage which underlies and supports the radula, a ribbon of teeth. [1] The radula is found in every class of molluscs except for the ...
The buccal mass is the first part of the digestive system, and consists of the mouth and pharynx. The mouth includes a radula, and in most cases, also a pair of jaws. The pharynx can be very large, especially in carnivorous species. Many carnivorous species have developed a proboscis, containing the oral cavity, radula, and part of the ...
The radula is used to scrape microscopic algae off the substratum. The mouth cavity itself is lined with chitin and is associated with a pair of salivary glands. Two sacs open from the back of the mouth, one containing the radula, and the other containing a protrusible sensory subradular organ that is pressed against the substratum to taste for ...
The subradular organ is a sensory organ below the grinding mouthparts of some molluscs, specifically the chitons. [1] This organ is involved in chemoreception - that is, in judging the nature of food or the substratum. In this sense, it can be considered a 'smell' or 'taste' organ; food is sensed before each stroke of the radula. [1]
The cephalopod radula consists of multiple symmetrical rows of up to nine teeth [101] – thirteen in fossil classes. [102] The organ is reduced or even vestigial in certain octopus species and is absent in Spirula. [102] The teeth may be homodont (i.e. similar in form across a row), heterodont (otherwise), or ctenodont (comb-like). [102]
For nearly 200 years, Radula remained the only genus in the family, making Radulaceae a monogeneric family within the order Porellales. [7] Herbert Castle's 1936 worldwide monograph of Radula took a broader view of Cladoradula, expanding it to include all species with reproductive structures on short branches, regardless of other features. This ...
There are other systems in the body that are not organ systems—for example, the immune system protects the organism from infection, but it is not an organ system since it is not composed of organs. Some organs are in more than one system—for example, the nose is in the respiratory system and also serves as a sensory organ in the nervous ...