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Lung abscess is a type of liquefactive necrosis of the lung tissue and formation of cavities (more than 2 cm) [1] containing necrotic debris or fluid caused by microbial infection. This pus -filled cavity is often caused by aspiration, which may occur during anesthesia, sedation, or unconsciousness from injury.
Many of these infections are less serious, but the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that there are 80,461 invasive MRSA infections and 11,285 deaths due to MRSA annually. [109] In 2003, the cost for a hospitalization due to MRSA infection was US$92,363; a hospital stay for MSSA was $52,791. [89]
Approximately half of these are due to viral infections and another half appears to be caused by bacterial infections. [6] Common bacterial pathogens of acute exacerbations include Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis. [7] Less common bacterial pathogens include Chlamydia pneumoniae and MRSA. [7]
The more invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) may also be a source of infection, though is much rarer. [20] Among spinal subdural abscesses, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus is the most common organism involved. [19] Rarely parasites can cause abscesses and this is more common in the developing world. [3]
Necrotizing pneumonia (NP), also known as cavitary pneumonia or cavitatory necrosis, is a rare but severe complication of lung parenchymal infection. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In necrotizing pneumonia, there is a substantial liquefaction following death of the lung tissue, which may lead to gangrene formation in the lung.
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of bloodstream infections throughout much of the industrialized world. [44] Infection is generally associated with breaks in the skin or mucosal membranes due to surgery, injury, or use of intravascular devices such as cannulas, hemodialysis machines, or hypodermic needles.
Lung abscesses can usually be seen with a chest X-ray but frequently require a chest CT scan to confirm the diagnosis. [140] Abscesses typically occur in aspiration pneumonia, and often contain several types of bacteria. Long-term antibiotics are usually adequate to treat a lung abscess, but sometimes the abscess must be drained by a surgeon or ...
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common cause of lung abscesses and is usually monomicrobial (caused by a single species of bacteria). Risk factors include diabetes and chronic lung disease. [ 7 ] A lung abscess due to Klebsiella can progress to massive pulmonary gangrene , a rare condition in which an entire section of the lung is completely destroyed.