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  2. Transfer pricing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_pricing

    Transfer pricing rules recognize that it may be inappropriate for a component of an enterprise performing such services for another component to earn a profit on such services. Testing of prices charged in such case may be referred to a cost of services or services cost method. [66]

  3. International taxation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_taxation

    The setting of the amount of related party charges is commonly referred to as transfer pricing. Many jurisdictions have become sensitive to the potential for shifting profits with transfer pricing, and have adopted rules regulating setting or testing of prices or allowance of deductions or inclusion of income for related party transactions.

  4. Controlled foreign corporation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_foreign_corporation

    However, Belgian CFC legislation is obsolete in practice given that the application of Belgian transfer pricing rules (i.e. article 185, § 2 of the Belgian Income Tax Code, allowing the Belgian tax authorities to implement an upwards adjustment of the profits in case of a breach of the arm's length principle) take precedence over CFC legislation.

  5. Base erosion and profit shifting (OECD project) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_erosion_and_profit...

    Suggests specific anti-abuse rules be included in domestic legislation. [49] Action 7: Permanent Establishment Status. Greatly expands the definition of a permanent establishment to counter MNE tactics used to avoid having a taxable presence in a country. [50] Actions 8-10: Transfer Pricing. Moves to align transfer pricing outcomes with value ...

  6. Foreign tax credit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_tax_credit

    Differences in expense allocation rules and transfer pricing can impact this result. If, in the example above, Carpet Ltd had £10,000 of expenses of the Germany operation which Germany disallowed as not allocable to German income under German concepts, the German tax would increase to £40,700 while the UK FTC limitation would remain £33,000.

  7. Congestion pricing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congestion_pricing

    A 2016 study found that more people used public transportation due to increases in congestion pricing in Singapore. [192] A 2016 study found that real estate prices dropped by 19% within the cordoned-off areas of Singapore where congestion pricing was in place relative to the areas outside of the area. [193]

  8. Base erosion and profit shifting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_erosion_and_profit...

    • two interlocking domestic rules (together the Global anti-Base Erosion Rules (GloBE) rules): (i) an Income Inclusion Rule (IIR), which imposes top-up tax on a parent entity in respect of the low taxed income of a constituent entity; and (ii) an Undertaxed Payment Rule (UTPR), which denies deductions or requires an equivalent adjustment to ...

  9. Corporate tax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_tax

    A key issue in corporate tax is the setting of prices charged by related parties for goods, services or the use of property. Many jurisdictions have guidelines on transfer pricing which allow tax authorities to adjust transfer prices used. Such adjustments may apply in both an international and a domestic context.