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Cryptococcosis is a potentially fatal fungal infection of mainly the lungs, presenting as a pneumonia, and in the brain, where it appears as a meningitis. [4] [9] Coughing, difficulty breathing, chest pain and fever are seen when the lungs are infected. [5]
Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated basidiomycetous yeast [1] belonging to the class Tremellomycetes and an obligate aerobe [2] that can live in both plants and animals. Its teleomorph is a filamentous fungus , formerly referred to Filobasidiella neoformans .
Cryptococcal meningitis accounts for about 68% of meningitis cases in those with HIV and has a mortality rate of 10-25%, with delays in diagnosis and treatment being especially common and associated with a poor prognosis. [5] The treatment for chronic infectious meningitis is directed at the underlying infectious agent.
Flucytosine by mouth is used for the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible strains of Candida or Cryptococcus neoformans.It can also be used for the treatment of chromomycosis (chromoblastomycosis), if susceptible strains cause the infection.
Cryptococcus is a genus of fungi in the family Cryptococcaceae that includes both yeasts and filamentous species. The filamentous, sexual forms or teleomorphs were formerly classified in the genus Filobasidiella , while Cryptococcus was reserved for the yeasts.
Amphotericin B is an antifungal medication used for serious fungal infections and leishmaniasis. [3] The fungal infections it is used to treat include mucormycosis, aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis. [4]
The most common fungal meningitis is cryptococcal meningitis due to Cryptococcus neoformans. [39] In Africa, cryptococcal meningitis is now the most common cause of meningitis in multiple studies, [ 40 ] [ 41 ] and it accounts for 20–25% of AIDS-related deaths in Africa. [ 42 ]
Cryptosporidium, sometimes called crypto, is an apicomplexan genus of alveolates which are parasites that can cause a respiratory and gastrointestinal illness (cryptosporidiosis) that primarily involves watery diarrhea (intestinal cryptosporidiosis), sometimes with a persistent cough (respiratory cryptosporidiosis).