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Consequently, if a liquid has dynamic viscosity of n centiPoise, and its density is not too different from that of water, then its kinematic viscosity is around n centiStokes. For gas, the dynamic viscosity is usually in the range of 10 to 20 microPascal-seconds, or 0.01 to 0.02 centiPoise. The density is usually on the order of 0.5 to 5 kg/m^3.
In liquids it usually decreases with increasing temperature, whereas, in most gases, viscosity increases with increasing temperature. This article discusses several models of this dependence, ranging from rigorous first-principles calculations for monatomic gases , to empirical correlations for liquids.
The activation energy Q takes a different value depending on whether the high or low temperature limit is being considered: it changes from a high value Q H at low temperatures (in the glassy state) to a low value Q L at high temperatures (in the liquid state). Common logarithm of viscosity against temperature for B 2 O 3, showing two regimes
Liquid nitrogen (LN 2) is nitrogen in a liquid state at low temperature. Liquid nitrogen has a boiling point of about −196 °C (−321 °F; 77 K). It is produced industrially by fractional distillation of liquid air .
Mercury is the heaviest liquid at room temperature. But the heaviest liquid irrespective of temperature is liquid osmium (a rare metal) at its melting point (3033°C/5491.4°F), with a density of 22.59 g·cm −3 , 1.65 times as heavy as mercury.
Viscous flow in amorphous materials is characterised by deviations from the Arrhenius-type behaviour: the activation energy of viscosity Q changes from a high value Q H at low temperatures (in the glassy state) to a low value Q L at high temperatures (in the liquid state).
It forms in temperatures ranging from approximately 1830 °F to 2200 °F. [1], [3] Basaltic magma has the lowest viscosity and volatiles content, yet still may be up to 100,000 times more viscous than water. [1] Because of its low viscosity, this is the least explosive form of magma.
Light crude oil is liquid petroleum that has a low density and flows freely at room temperature. [1] It has a low viscosity, low specific gravity and high API gravity due to the presence of a high proportion of light hydrocarbon fractions. [2] It generally has a low wax content.