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The base of each is exec (execute), followed by one or more letters: e – An array of pointers to environment variables is explicitly passed to the new process image. l – Command-line arguments are passed individually (a list) to the function. p – Uses the PATH environment variable to find the file named in the file argument to be executed.
The term user space (or userland) refers to all code that runs outside the operating system's kernel. [2] User space usually refers to the various programs and libraries that the operating system uses to interact with the kernel: software that performs input/output , manipulates file system objects, application software , etc.
Displays and modifies environment variables: expr: Evaluates expressions factor: Factors numbers: false: Does nothing, but exits unsuccessfully groups: Prints the groups of which the user is a member hostid: Prints the numeric identifier for the current host id: Prints real or effective UID and GID: link: Creates a link to a file logname: Print ...
A high-level overview of the Linux kernel's system call interface, which handles communication between its various components and the userspace. In computing, a system call (commonly abbreviated to syscall) is the programmatic way in which a computer program requests a service from the operating system [a] on which it is executed.
JP Software command-line processors provide user-configurable colorization of file and directory names in directory listings based on their file extension and/or attributes through an optionally defined %COLORDIR% environment variable. For the Unix/Linux shells, this is a feature of the ls command and the terminal.
A Unix shell is a command-line interpreter or shell that provides a command line user interface for Unix-like operating systems. The shell is both an interactive command language and a scripting language, and is used by the operating system to control the execution of the system using shell scripts. [2]
In computing, a shell is a computer program that exposes an operating system's services to a human user or other programs. In general, operating system shells use either a command-line interface (CLI) or graphical user interface (GUI), depending on a computer's role and particular operation. It is named a shell because it is the outermost layer ...
This disallows a root user to load arbitrary code via kexec and execute it, complementing the UEFI secure boot and in-kernel security mechanisms for ensuring that only signed Linux kernel modules can be inserted into the running kernel. [4] [5] [6] Kexec is used by LinuxBoot to boot the main kernel from the Linux kernel located in the firmware.