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  2. Cardiac output - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_output

    Major factors influencing cardiac output – heart rate and stroke volume, both of which are variable. [1]In cardiac physiology, cardiac output (CO), also known as heart output and often denoted by the symbols , ˙, or ˙, [2] is the volumetric flow rate of the heart's pumping output: that is, the volume of blood being pumped by a single ventricle of the heart, per unit time (usually measured ...

  3. Shunt equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunt_equation

    This is based on the assumption that, if an alveolus is receiving air, then it is perfectly oxygenated. The following equation, provides the ratio of the pulmonary blood flow divided by the systemic blood flow and relates to any type of shunt (intracardiac or extracardiac) using variables that can be easily attained in a cardiac catheterization ...

  4. Cardiovascular physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_physiology

    Cardiac output (= heart rate * stroke volume. Can also be calculated with Fick principle, palpating method.) Stroke volume (= end-diastolic volume − end-systolic volume) Ejection fraction (= stroke volume / end-diastolic volume) Cardiac output is mathematically ` to systole [clarification needed] Inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic states

  5. Cardiac physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_physiology

    Cardiac output as shown on an ECG. Cardiac output (CO) is a measurement of the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle (stroke volume, SV) in one minute. To calculate this, multiply stroke volume (SV), by heart rate (HR), in beats per minute. [1] It can be represented by the equation: CO = HR x SV [1]

  6. Heart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart

    Cardiac output (CO) is a measurement of the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle (stroke volume) in one minute. This is calculated by multiplying the stroke volume (SV) by the beats per minute of the heart rate (HR). So that: CO = SV x HR. [8] The cardiac output is normalized to body size through body surface area and is called the cardiac ...

  7. Electrical cardiometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_Cardiometry

    Electrical cardiometry is a method based on the model of Electrical Velocimetry, and non-invasively measures stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and other hemodynamic parameters through the use of 4 surface ECG electrodes. Electrical cardiometry is a method trademarked by Cardiotronic, Inc., and is U.S. FDA approved for use on adults ...

  8. Cardiorespiratory fitness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiorespiratory_fitness

    The cardiovascular system responds to changing demands on the body by adjusting cardiac output, blood flow, and blood pressure. Cardiac output is defined as the product of heart rate and stroke volume which represents the volume of blood being pumped by the heart each minute. Cardiac output increases during physical activity due to an increase ...

  9. Positive end-expiratory pressure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_end-expiratory...

    systemic venous return, cardiac output, cardiac index; pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), preload, arterial blood pressure; Increase in: Intrathoracic pressure, RV afterload (CVP and PAP) lung functional residual capacity; Pulmonary barotrauma can be caused. Pulmonary barotrauma is lung injury that results from the hyperinflation of ...