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Both positive and negative inotropes are used in the management of various cardiovascular conditions. The choice of agent depends largely on specific pharmacological effects of individual agents with respect to the condition. One of the most important factors affecting inotropic state is the level of calcium in the cytoplasm of the muscle cell ...
Lusitropy or lucitropy is the rate of myocardial relaxation. The increase in cytosolic calcium of cardiomyocytes via increased uptake leads to increased myocardial contractility (positive inotropic effect), but the myocardial relaxation, or lusitropy, decreases.
Isoprenaline has positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart. β 2-Adrenergic receptor stimulation in arteriolar smooth muscle induces vasodilation. Its inotropic and chronotropic effects elevate systolic blood pressure, while its vasodilatory effects tend to lower diastolic blood pressure.
The effect can be either positive or negative, specifically a depolarization or a hyperpolarization respectively. This term is commonly confused with an inotropic effect, which refers to a change in the force of contraction (e.g. in heart muscle) produced by transmitter substances or hormones.
Positive dromotropy increases conduction velocity (e.g. epinephrine stimulation), negative dromotropy decreases velocity (e.g. vagal stimulation). [4] Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers such as verapamil block the slow inward calcium current in cardiac tissues, thereby having a negatively dromotropic, chronotropic and inotropic effect ...
Cardiotonic agents, also known as cardiac inotropes or stimulants, have a positive impact on the myocardium (muscular layer of the heart) by enhancing its contractility. . Unlike general inotropes, these agents exhibit a higher level of specificity as they selectively target the myocar
The effects of amrinone vary widely with species and experimental condition; therefore, its inotropic effects are variable. [3] A loss in sensitivity to phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitors, including amrinone, has been observed in end stage heart failure in humans; other treatment options may be more useful for improvement in these stages.
Drugs that positively render the effects of catecholamines such as norepinephrine and epinephrine that enhance contractility are considered to have a positive inotropic effect. The ancient herbal remedy digitalis appears to have both inotropic and chronotropic properties that have been recorded encyclopedically for centuries and it remains ...