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The septal nuclei are essential in generating the theta rhythm of the hippocampus. The septal area (medial olfactory area) has no relation to the sense of smell, but it is considered a pleasure zone in animals. The septal nuclei play a role in reward and reinforcement along with the nucleus accumbens.
The hippocampus (pl.: hippocampi; via Latin from Greek ἱππόκαμπος, 'seahorse'), also hippocampus proper, is a major component of the brain of humans and many other vertebrates. In the human brain the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus, and the subiculum are the components of the hippocampal formation located in the limbic system.
In rodents, the hippocampus is positioned so that, roughly, one end is near the top of the head (the dorsal or septal end) and one end near the bottom of the head (the ventral or temporal end). As shown in the figure, the structure itself is curved and subfields or regions are defined along the curve, from CA4 through CA1 (only CA3 and CA1 are ...
The hippocampal subfields are four ... Both the recurrent connections and the Schaffer collaterals terminate preferentially in the septal area in a dorsal direction ...
The fornix is the conduit by which the neurotransmitter acetylcholine – which is crucial for memory encoding – is sent from the medial septum/Diagonal band of Broca to the hippocampus. [7] In addition, the GABA-producing neurons in the septal nuclei generate theta rhythms which are transmitted through the fornix to the hippocampus.
Chief or pontine nucleus of the trigeminal nerve sensory nucleus (V) Motor nucleus for the trigeminal nerve (V) Abducens nucleus (VI) Facial nerve nucleus (VII) Vestibulocochlear nuclei (vestibular nuclei and cochlear nuclei) (VIII) Superior salivatory nucleus; Pontine tegmentum. Pontine micturition center (Barrington's nucleus) Locus coeruleus
The medial septal nucleus (MS) is one of the septal nuclei. Neurons in this nucleus give rise to the bulk of efferents from the septal nuclei. A major projection from the medial septal nucleus terminates in the hippocampal formation. [1] It plays a role in the generation of theta waves in the hippocampus. [2]
The critical septal region includes the medial septal nucleus and the vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca. The lateral septal nucleus, a major recipient of hippocampal output, probably does not play an essential role in generating theta.