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William Jones, FRS (1675 – 1 July 1749 [1]) was a Welsh mathematician best known for his use of the symbol π (the Greek letter Pi) to represent the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. He was a close friend of Sir Isaac Newton and Sir Edmund Halley.
The earliest known use of the Greek letter π alone to represent the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter was by Welsh mathematician William Jones in his 1706 work Synopsis Palmariorum Matheseos; or, a New Introduction to the Mathematics. [3] [109] The Greek letter appears on p. 243 in the phrase "Periphery (π)", calculated for a ...
Pythagoras of Samos [a] (Ancient Greek: Πυθαγόρας; c. 570 – c. 495 BC) [b], often known mononymously as Pythagoras, was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher, polymath, and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism.
Historians of science and mathematics almost universally agree that Archimedes was the finest mathematician from antiquity. Eric Temple Bell, for instance, wrote: Any list of the three "greatest" mathematicians of all history would include the name of Archimedes. The other two usually associated with him are Newton and Gauss. Some, considering ...
Constantin Carathéodory (1873–1950) - Mathematician who pioneered the Axiomatic Formulation of Thermodynamics. [14] Demetrios Christodoulou (born 1951) - Mathematician-physicist who has contributed in the field of general relativity. [15] Constantine Dafermos (born 1941) - Usually notable for hyperbolic conservation laws and control theory. [16]
In a lost work, he discovered and enumerated the 13 Archimedean solids, which were later rediscovered by Johannes Kepler around 1620 A.D. Apollonius of Perga (c. 240 – c. 190 BC) is known for his work on conic sections and his study of geometry in 3-dimensional space. He is considered one of the greatest ancient Greek mathematicians.
Greek became the lingua franca of scholarship throughout the Hellenistic world, and the mathematics of the Classical period merged with Egyptian and Babylonian mathematics to give rise to Hellenistic mathematics. [27] [28] Greek mathematics [a] reached its acme during the Hellenistic and early Roman periods, and much of the work represented by ...
Hippasus of Metapontum (/ ˈ h ɪ p ə s ə s /; Ancient Greek: Ἵππασος ὁ Μεταποντῖνος, Híppasos; c. 530 – c. 450 BC) [1] was a Greek philosopher and early follower of Pythagoras. [2] [3] Little is known about his life or his beliefs, but he is sometimes credited with the discovery of the existence of irrational numbers.