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Examples include iron (black stain), iodine (black), copper (green), nickel (green) and cadmium (yellow-brown). [3] Antibiotics. Tetracycline and its derivatives are capable of intrinsic discoloration (discussed below). However other antibiotics may form insoluble complexes with calcium, iron and other elements that cause extrinsic staining. [11]
The perception of tooth colour is multi-factorial. Reflection and absorption of light by the tooth can be influenced by a number of factors including specular transmission of light through the tooth; specular reflection at the surface; diffuse light reflection at the surface; absorption and scattering of light within the dental tissues; enamel mineral content; enamel thickness; dentine colour ...
One of the physical changes can be the colour of teeth. Dental erosion can lead to two major tooth colour change – the first being a change of colour that usually happens on the cutting edge of the central incisors. This causes the cutting edge of the tooth to become transparent. [17] A second sign is a yellowish tint on the eroded tooth.
Cetylpyridinium chloride is known to cause tooth staining in approximately 3 percent of users. [14] The Crest brand has noted that this staining is actually an indication that the product is working as intended, as the stains are a result of bacteria dying on the teeth. [15]
Causes include excessive alcohol use (the most common cause of sideroblastic anemia), pyridoxine deficiency (vitamin B 6 is the cofactor in the first step of heme synthesis [8]), lead poisoning [9] and copper deficiency. [10] Excess zinc [11] can indirectly
Analysis showed that iron was already present when the teeth erupted from the gum tissue, and was also present despite Ganus having a very different diet to wild Komodo dragons, he added.
Hemosiderin can be identified histologically with Perls' Prussian blue stain; iron in hemosiderin turns blue to black when exposed to potassium ferrocyanide. [6] In normal animals, hemosiderin deposits are small and commonly inapparent without special stains.
Apicectomies are common causes of amalgam tattoo, since the amalgam is being placed inside the alveolus and the soft tissues are replaced on top [1] Over time, the amalgam particles embedded in the soft tissues corrode. [5]: 183 Macrophages take up the exogenous particles, and the silver in amalgam leads to staining of collagen fibers. [5]: 183