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At or near the final stages of production, the material is treated with a chain extender. Typically, chain extenders are bifunctional, i.e., they have two functional groups, which can link together two polymers. Representative classes of chain extenders are diglycidyl ethers, diols, diamines, or dianhydrides. Chain extenders are often applied ...
2-Methylpentamethylenediamine can also be used as a chain extender for polyurethane applications, and in particular with PUDs. [3] [4] Its derivatives like aspartic esters, secondary amines, aldimines and ketoimines serve as curatives in polyurea systems. In polyamides, 2-Methylpentamethylenediamine acts as a crystallinity disruptor.
Chloride cycle dealkalizers operate similar to sodium cycle cation water softeners. Like water softeners, dealkalizers contain ion-exchange resins that are regenerated with a concentrated salt solution - NaCl. In the case of a water softener, the cation exchange resin is exchanging sodium (the Na + ion of NaCl) for hardness minerals such as ...
1,6-Hexanediol can improve the hardness and flexibility of polyesters as it contains a fairly long hydrocarbon chain. In polyurethanes, it is used as a chain extender , and the resulting modified polyurethane has high resistance to hydrolysis as well as mechanical strength, but with a low glass transition temperature.
Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water. The resulting soft water requires less soap for the same cleaning effort, as soap is not wasted bonding with calcium ions. Soft water also extends the lifetime of plumbing by reducing or eliminating scale build-up in pipes
The study, which was just published in the American Chemical Society’s journal Environmental Science & Technology Letters, found that some smartwatch and fitness tracker bands may expose the ...
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