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Nyctalopia; impaired night vision. Symptoms are not consistent with typical migraine aura. Symptoms are not better explained by another disorder (ophthalmological, drug abuse). Normal ophthalmology tests (best-corrected visual acuity, dilated fundus examination, visual field, and electroretinogram); not caused by previous intake of psychotropic ...
Hori et al. regard sleep onset hypnagogia as a state distinct from both wakefulness and sleep with unique electrophysiological, behavioral and subjective characteristics, [10] [12] while Germaine et al. have demonstrated a resemblance between the EEG power spectra of spontaneously occurring hypnagogic images, on the one hand, and those of both ...
Illusory palinopsia is often worse with high stimulus intensity and contrast ratio in a dark adapted state.Multiple types of illusory palinopsia often co-exist in a patient and occur with other diffuse, persistent illusory symptoms such as halos around objects, dysmetropsia (micropsia, macropsia, pelopsia, or teleopsia), Alice in Wonderland Syndrome, visual snow, and oscillopsia.
Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis is an inability to perform voluntary movements at sleep onset, or upon waking from sleep. [22] Although the affected individual is conscious and recall is present, the person is not able to speak or move. However, respiration remains unimpaired. [22] The episodes last seconds to minutes and diminish ...
Reaction time test, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), [29] Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT), [30] Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT). [31] Electrooculogram (EOG) EOG is a technique for measuring the resting potential of the retina in the human eye. [32] Eye-video test: Measures eyes blinking and eye movements to detect microsleep events ...
Individuals with exploding head syndrome hear or experience loud imagined noises as they are falling asleep or are waking up, have a strong, often frightened emotional reaction to the sound, and do not report significant pain; around 10% of people also experience visual disturbances like perceiving visual static, lightning, or flashes of light.
Clouding of consciousness, also called brain fog or mental fog, [1] [2] occurs when a person is slightly less wakeful or aware than normal. [3] They are less aware of time and their surroundings, and find it difficult to pay attention. [3]
Sleep inertia is a physiological state of impaired cognitive and sensory-motor performance that is present immediately after awakening. It persists during the transition of sleep to wakefulness, where an individual will experience feelings of drowsiness, disorientation and a decline in motor dexterity.