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Streptococcal pharyngitis, also known as streptococcal sore throat (strep throat), is pharyngitis (an infection of the pharynx, the back of the throat) caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, a gram-positive, group A streptococcus. [9] [10] Common symptoms include fever, sore throat, red tonsils, and enlarged lymph nodes in the front of the neck.
It is not known whether antibiotics are effective for preventing recurrent sore throat. [14] There is only limited evidence that a hot drink can help alleviate a sore throat, and other common cold and influenza symptoms. [15] If the sore throat is unrelated to a cold and is caused by, for example, tonsillitis, a cold drink may be helpful. [16]
It may present with throat pain, difficulty swallowing, painful and swollen tonsils, fever, headache, skin rash and flu. The diagnosis of strep throat is straight forward and the treatment requires a course of penicillin. However, if the treatment is not adequate, rheumatic fever can occur with resultant damage to the heart valves. [3]
Throat swab. Differentiating a viral and a bacterial cause of a sore throat based on symptoms alone is difficult. [29] Thus, a throat swab often is done to rule out a bacterial cause. [30] The modified Centor criteria may be used to determine the management of people with pharyngitis. Based on five clinical criteria, it indicates the ...
A progressively severe sore throat on one side and pain during swallowing (odynophagia) usually are the earliest symptoms. As the abscess develops, persistent pain in the peritonsillar area, fever , a general sense of feeling unwell , headache, and a distortion of vowels informally known as "hot potato voice" may appear.
Throat of a child with a positive throat culture for streptococcal pharyngitis Streptococcal pharyngitis with red throat/uvula and spots on roof of mouth. Strep throat is usually associated with fatigue and a fever of over 39 °C (102.2 °F). [13] The tonsils may appear red and enlarged and are typically covered in exudate. [12]
“The skin on the neck is thinner and more delicate than on other areas of the body, with both a thinner dermis and less fatty tissue below the surface, making it more prone to wrinkling and ...
The skin weighs an average of 4 kg (8.8 lb), covers an area of about 2 m 2 (22 sq ft), and is made of three distinct layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. [1] The two main types of human skin are glabrous skin, the nonhairy skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin. [16]