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The ischial tuberosity (or tuberosity of the ischium, tuber ischiadicum), also known colloquially as the sit bones or sitz bones, [1] or as a pair the sitting bones, [2] is a large posterior bony protuberance on the superior ramus of the ischium. It marks the lateral boundary of the pelvic outlet.
The superior ramus is a partial origin for the internal obturator and the external obturator muscles. The inferior ramus serves partially as origin for part of the adductor magnus muscle and the gracilis muscle. The inferior ischial ramus joins the inferior ramus of the pubis anteriorly and is the strongest of the hip (coxal) bones.
The ischial spine is part of the posterior border of the body of the ischium bone of the pelvis. It is a thin and pointed triangular eminence, more or less elongated ...
Its oblique fibres descend laterally, converging to form a thick, narrow band that widens again below and is attached to the medial margin of the ischial tuberosity. It then spreads along the ischial ramus as the falciform process, whose concave edge blends with the fascial sheath of the internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve.
It is divisible into three portions: the body, the superior ramus, and the inferior ramus. The body forms approximately one-third of the acetabulum. The ischium forms a large swelling, the tuberosity of the ischium, also referred to colloquially as the "sit bone". When sitting, the weight is frequently placed upon the ischial tuberosity.
The ischial bursa is a synovial bursa located between gluteus maximus muscle and ischial tuberosity. [4] When in a seated position, the ischial bursa is put under the highest amount of pressure, which is most significant against a hard surface. [3] Friction from exercise can lead to inflammation of the ischial bursa, known as bursitis. [1]
The ischiopubic ramus is a compound structure consisting of the following two structures: from the pubis, the bones inferior pubic ramus; from the ischium, the inferior ramus of the ischium; It forms the inferior border of the obturator foramen and serves as part of the origin for the obturator internus and externus muscles.
The lesser sciatic foramen is an opening between the pelvis and the back of the thigh. The foramen is formed by the sacrotuberous ligament which runs between the sacrum and the ischial tuberosity and the sacrospinous ligament which runs between the sacrum and the ischial spine.