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259: Jerusalem falls under the rule of Odaenathus as King of the Palmyrene Empire after the capture of Emperor Valerian by Shapur I at the Battle of Edessa causes the Roman Empire to splinter. 272: Jerusalem becomes part of the Roman Empire again after Aurelian defeats the Palmyrene Empire at the Battle of Emesa .
A year after the fall of Jerusalem, in the summer of 71 CE, [73] [74] a triumph was held in Rome to celebrate the fall of Jerusalem and the Roman victory over the Jews. [75] [76] This triumph was unique in Roman history, being the only one dedicated to subjugating an existing province's population.
In terms of the Hebrew Bible, the term "Exile" denotes the fate of the Israelites who were taken into exile from the Kingdom of Israel during the 8th century BCE, and the Judahites from the Kingdom of Judah who were taken into exile during the 6th century BCE. While in exile, the Judahites became known as "Jews" (יְהוּדִים, or Yehudim ...
Siege and Destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans (1850 painting by David Roberts) Depiction of the Roman triumph celebrating the Sack of Jerusalem on the Arch of Titus in Rome. 70-200 Period of the Tannaim , rabbis who organized and elucidated the Oral Torah .
From Jerusalem the revolt then spread to the rest of the country, especially the mixed cities of Caesarea, Beit She'an and the Galilee. Roman suppression of the revolt begun in the north, with an expeditionary force led by the Roman legate of Syria, Cestius Gallus, making its way to Jerusalem. Gallus failed to take the city and decided to withdraw.
The establishment of Aelia Capitolina, a Roman colony on the ruins of Jerusalem—an act described by Goodman as the "final solution for Jewish rebelliousness" [397] —two years earlier, served as a direct catalyst. [398] [399] [400] Prior to the revolt, the Jews built numerous hiding complexes, indicating a large-scale preparation. [399]
Some scholars describe the Roman suppression of the revolt as constituting an act of genocide. [21] [22] Following the revolt, Jews were expelled from the vicinity of Jerusalem and the districts of Gophna, Herodion, and Aqraba. [23] [24] The revolt triggered a significant migration of Jews from Judea to coastal cities and Galilee. [25]
Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE): The Roman general Titus breached the walls of Jerusalem, sacked the city and destroyed the Second Temple. AD 71: Roman conquest of Britain: Roman forces entered modern Scotland. AD 73: 16 April: Siege of Masada: Roman forces breached the walls of Masada, a mountain fortress held by the Jewish extremist sect the ...