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tail has two special command line option -f and -F (follow) that allows a file to be monitored. Instead of just displaying the last few lines and exiting, tail displays the lines and then monitors the file. As new lines are added to the file by another process, tail updates the display. This is particularly useful for monitoring log files.
Version 1 AT&T UNIX dd: Filesystem Mandatory Convert and copy a file Version 5 AT&T UNIX delta: SCCS Optional (XSI) Make a delta (change) to an SCCS file PWB UNIX df: Filesystem Mandatory Report free disk space Version 1 AT&T UNIX diff: Text processing Mandatory Compare two files; see also cmp Version 5 AT&T UNIX dirname: Filesystem Mandatory
sort lines of text files split: Splits a file into pieces sum: Checksums and counts the blocks in a file tac: Concatenates and prints files in reverse order line by line tail: Outputs the last part of files tr: Translates or deletes characters tsort: Performs a topological sort: unexpand: Converts spaces to tabs uniq: Removes duplicate lines ...
In early versions of Unix the history command was a separate program. However, most shells have long included the history command as a shell built-in , so the separate program is no longer in common use.
uniq is a utility command on Unix, Plan 9, Inferno, and Unix-like operating systems which, when fed a text file or standard input, outputs the text with adjacent identical lines collapsed to one, unique line of text.
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The default behavior of split is to generate output files of a fixed size, default 1000 lines. The files are named by appending aa, ab, ac, etc. to output filename. If output filename is not given, the default filename of x is used, for example, xaa, xab, etc.
less is a terminal pager program on Unix, Windows, and Unix-like systems used to view (but not change) the contents of a text file one screen at a time. It is similar to more, but has the extended capability of allowing both forward and backward navigation through the file.