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Monocytosis is an increase in the number of monocytes circulating in the blood. [1] Monocytes are white blood cells that give rise to macrophages and dendritic cells in the immune system. In humans, monocytosis occurs when there is a sustained rise in monocyte counts greater than 800/mm 3 to 1000/mm 3 .
With a diameter of 15–22 μm, monocytes are the largest cell type in peripheral blood. [2] [3] Monocytes are mononuclear cells and the ellipsoidal nucleus is often lobulated/indented, causing a bean-shaped or kidney-shaped appearance. [4] Monocytes compose 2% to 10% of all leukocytes in the human body.
A peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) is any peripheral blood cell having a round nucleus. [1] These cells consist of lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, NK cells) and monocytes, whereas erythrocytes and platelets have no nuclei, and granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils) have multi-lobed nuclei.
characterized by less than 20% myeloblasts in the bone marrow and greater than 1*10 9 /L monocytes (a type of white blood cell) circulating in the peripheral blood. (A table comparing these is available from the Cleveland Clinic .
Monocytes, the largest type of white blood cell, share the "vacuum cleaner" (phagocytosis) function of neutrophils, but are much longer lived as they have an extra role: they present pieces of pathogens to T cells so that the pathogens may be recognized again and killed. This causes an antibody response to be mounted.
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Monocytes will then develop into macrophages or dendritic cells upon tissue damage and recruitment of monocytes into the infected area. [1] During recruitment monocytes are distinct from macrophages and dendritic cells, but upon entering the infected area, monocytes will acquire inflammatory effector functions and then differentiate into ...
Once the bacterium enters the host's monocytes, macrophages, or polymorphonuclear leukocytes, it becomes bloodborne (sepsis) and can grow. Its presence intracellularly in phagocytic cells also permits access to the brain and probably transplacental migration to the fetus in pregnant women. This process is known as the "Trojan Horse mechanism".