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The history of independent India or history of Republic of India began when the country became an independent sovereign state within the British Commonwealth on 15 August 1947. Direct administration by the British, which began in 1858 , affected a political and economic unification of the subcontinent .
The following day, 15 August 1947, India, now Dominion of India, became an independent country, with official ceremonies taking place in New Delhi, Jawaharlal Nehru assuming the office of prime minister. Mountbatten remained in New Delhi for 10 months, serving as the first governor-general of an independent India until June 1948. [98]
Before the partition of India in 1947, about 584 princely states, also called "native states", existed in India. [1] These were not part of British India, the parts of the Indian subcontinent which were under direct British administration, but rather under indirect rule, subject to subsidiary alliances.
Map of the partition of India (1947). Note: Small princely states not acceding to either country upon independence are shown as integral parts of India and Pakistan. Items portrayed in this file
After 1947, India signed new treaties with Nepal and Bhutan. [147] Historically, Sikkim was a British dependency, with a status similar to that of the other princely states, and was therefore considered to be within the frontiers of India in the colonial period. On independence, however, the Chogyal of Sikkim resisted full integration into ...
English: 1947 map of India published by Survey of India Annotations from the legend: First edition 1938; 2nd 1947. Refer to this map as:— 70-MILE MAP INDIA SECOND EDITION; Published under the direction of Brigadier G. F. Heaney, C. B. E., Surveyor General of India, 1947. PRINTED AT THE SURVEY OF INDIA OFFICES (PLO). Note:
Joseph E. Schwartzberg (2008) proposes that the Bronze Age Indus Valley civilization (c. 2500–1900 BCE) may have known "cartographic activity" based on a number of excavated surveying instruments and measuring rods and that the use of large scale constructional plans, cosmological drawings, and cartographic material was known in India with some regularity since the Vedic period (1st ...
4.1 During the partition of India in 1947, Bengal had 28 districts in 5 divisions. ... Map of colonial India, distributed by the British Information Services (1942)