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The skin weighs an average of four kilograms, covers an area of two square metres, and is made of three distinct layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. [1] The two main types of human skin are: glabrous skin, the hairless skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin. [3]
With regard to morphology, the initial lesion that characterizes a condition is known as the "primary lesion", and identification of such a lesions is the most important aspect of the cutaneous examination. [30] Over time, these primary lesions may continue to develop or be modified by regression or trauma, producing "secondary lesions". [1]
A lentigo (/ l ɛ n ˈ t aɪ ɡ oʊ /) (plural lentigines, / l ɛ n ˈ t ɪ dʒ ɪ n iː z /) is a small pigmented spot on the skin with a clearly defined edge, surrounded by normal-appearing skin. It is a harmless (benign) hyperplasia of melanocytes which is linear in its spread.
A study examining over 4,000 biopsied skin lesions identified clinically as seborrheic keratoses showed 3.1% were malignancies. Two-thirds of those were squamous cell carcinoma. [11] To date, the gold standard in the diagnosis of seborrheic keratosis is represented by the histolopathologic analysis of a skin biopsy. [12]
Livedo reticularis is a common skin finding consisting of a mottled reticulated vascular pattern that appears as a lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin. [1] The discoloration is caused by reduction in blood flow through the arterioles that supply the cutaneous capillaries, resulting in deoxygenated blood showing as blue discoloration ().
Turner said she never had any lesions or moles on her skin — which happens in about 3% of melanoma cases — and that doctors have given her a "50/50 chance" to survive
This initial skin lesion typically heals after 3–6 months. After weeks to years, joints and bones may become painful, fatigue may develop, and new skin lesions may appear. [6] The skin of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet may become thick and break open. The bones (especially those of the nose) may become misshapen.
Inflammation-induced damage to the skin's blood vessels causes palpable purpura. Palpable purpura is the clinical manifestation of leukocytoclastic vasculitis, which can be idiopathic or linked to sepsis, reactions to drugs, connective tissue diseases, cryoglobulinemia, hepatitis C or B infection, or underlying cancers.