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  2. Free body diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_body_diagram

    Block on a ramp and corresponding free body diagram of the block. In physics and engineering, a free body diagram (FBD; also called a force diagram) [1] is a graphical illustration used to visualize the applied forces, moments, and resulting reactions on a free body in a given condition. It depicts a body or connected bodies with all the ...

  3. Cremona diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona_diagram

    Starting at joint Aorda, the internal forces can be found by drawing lines in the Cremona diagram representing the forces in the members 1 and 4, going clockwise; V A (going up) load at A (going down), force in member 1 (going down/left), member 4 (going up/right) and closing with V A. As the force in member 1 is towards the joint, the member ...

  4. Direct integration of a beam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_integration_of_a_beam

    Direct integration is a structural analysis method for measuring internal shear, internal moment, rotation, and deflection of a beam. Positive directions for forces acting on an element. For a beam with an applied weight w ( x ) {\displaystyle w(x)} , taking downward to be positive, the internal shear force is given by taking the negative ...

  5. Stress resultants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_resultants

    Stress resultants are simplified representations of the stress state in structural elements such as beams, plates, or shells. [1] The geometry of typical structural elements allows the internal stress state to be simplified because of the existence of a "thickness'" direction in which the size of the element is much smaller than in other directions.

  6. Bending moment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bending_moment

    For equilibrium, the moment created by external forces/moments must be balanced by the couple induced by the internal loads. The resultant internal couple is called the bending moment while the resultant internal force is called the shear force (if it is transverse to the plane of element) or the normal force (if it is along the plane of the ...

  7. Influence line - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influence_line

    An influence line for a given function, such as a reaction, axial force, shear force, or bending moment, is a graph that shows the variation of that function at any given point on a structure due to the application of a unit load at any point on the structure. An influence line for a function differs from a shear, axial, or bending moment diagram.

  8. Friction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction

    Internal friction is the force resisting motion between the elements ... is an approximate model used to calculate the force of dry ... usually via a free body diagram.

  9. Deformation (engineering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformation_(engineering)

    Depending on the type of material, size and geometry of the object, and the forces applied, various types of deformation may result. The image to the right shows the engineering stress vs. strain diagram for a typical ductile material such as steel.