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Participatory democracy, participant democracy, participative democracy, or semi-direct democracy is a form of government in which citizens participate individually and directly in political decisions and policies that affect their lives, rather than through elected representatives. [1]
Robert Alan Dahl (/ d ɑː l /; December 17, 1915 – February 5, 2014) was an American political theorist and Sterling Professor of Political Science at Yale University.. He established the pluralist theory of democracy—in which political outcomes are enacted through competitive, if unequal, interest groups—and introduced "polyarchy" as a descriptor of actual democratic governance.
Participation and democratic theory. Cambridge England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-29004-3. Pateman, Carole (1979). The problem of political obligation: a critical analysis of liberal theory. Chichester New York: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-99699-6. Pateman, Carole (1985). The problem of political obligation: a critique of liberal ...
The theory and practice of direct democracy and participation as its common characteristic constituted the core of the work of many theorists, philosophers, politicians, and social critics, among whom the most important are Jean-Jacques Rousseau, John Stuart Mill, and G.D.H. Cole. [1]
Democratic leadership, also known as participative leadership, is a type of leadership style in which members of the group take a more participative role in the decision-making process. Researchers have found that this leadership style is usually one of the most effective and leads to higher productivity, better contributions from group members ...
The final chapter elucidates practical ways to apply the theory of strong democracy in large industrial societies. Strong democracy is also discussed in The Local Politics of Global Sustainability by Herman Daly, Thomas Prugh and Robert Costanza (2000), and is defined as "Politics understood as the creation of a vision that can respond to and ...
In the 20th century, T. H. Marshall proposed what he believed to be central democratic ideals in his seminal essay on citizenship, citing three different kinds of rights: civil rights that are the basic building blocks of individual freedom; political rights, which include the rights of citizens to participate in order to exercise political ...
The concept of prefiguration later came to be used more widely, [11] especially in relation to movements for participatory democracy. [12] [13] [14] It has especially been applied to Italian Autonomism in the 1960s, [15] the US antinuclear movement of the 1970s and 1980s and the anti-globalization movement at the turn of the 21st century. [16]