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The mantle cavity is a central feature of molluscan biology. This cavity is formed by the mantle skirt, a double fold of mantle which encloses a water space. This space contains the mollusk's gills, anus, osphradium, nephridiopores, and gonopores. The mantle cavity functions as a respiratory chamber in most mollusks. In bivalves it is usually ...
Cornu aspersum (formerly Helix aspersa) — a common land snail. Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks [a] (/ ˈ m ɒ l ə s k s /). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. [5]
Peltodoris is characterized by brown spots distributed randomly on its white mantle, each spot has a border of a darker brown color. [3] The spots are generally darkest around the center of the mantle. [5] Different populations exhibit different amounts of brown spots, and there is a general pattern of increasing coverage from west to east. [3]
The gastropod shell is part of the body of many gastropods, including snails, a kind of mollusc. The shell is an exoskeleton , which protects from predators, mechanical damage, and dehydration, but also serves for muscle attachment and calcium storage.
The mollusc (or mollusk [spelling 1]) shell is typically a calcareous exoskeleton which encloses, supports and protects the soft parts of an animal in the phylum Mollusca, which includes snails, clams, tusk shells, and several other classes. Not all shelled molluscs live in the sea; many live on the land and in freshwater.
Secondary gills are also present in the unrelated genus Patella, in which they are found as folds within the mantle cavity. Some smaller gastropods have neither true gills nor cerata. The genus Lepeta uses the whole of the mantle cavity as a respiratory surface, while many sea butterflies respire through their general body surface.
The shell of Stenotrema florida, a land snail. The periostracum is an organic layer of protein which, in this species, is developed into minute hairs, giving the snail a velvety look and feel. Conchiolins (sometimes referred to as conchins) are complex proteins which are secreted by a mollusc's outer epithelium (the mantle).
This group includes land snails and land slugs. Loss of the shell has taken place many times in different groups that are not evolutionarily closely related, and land snails and slugs are most often treated together as a single group in specialized malacological literature. [2] [3] All terrestrial molluscs belong to the class Gastropoda.