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  2. Mutation breeding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation_breeding

    The mutations produced by this technique vary with each generation, meaning further breeding of these mutated plants could produce new mutations. Traditionally, gamma radiation is used on solely adult plants, and not on pollen. The irradiation of mature pollen allows mutant plants to grow without being in direct contact with gamma radiation ...

  3. Atomic gardening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_gardening

    Atomic gardening is a form of mutation breeding where plants are exposed to radiation. Some of the mutations produced thereby have turned out to be useful. Typically this is gamma radiation – in which case it is a gamma garden [1] – produced by cobalt-60. [2]

  4. Forward genetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_genetics

    These point mutations are typically loss-of-function or null alleles because they generate stop codons in the DNA sequence. [5] These types of mutagens can be useful because they are easily applied to any organism but they were traditionally very difficult to map , although the advent of next-generation sequencing has made this process ...

  5. Plant genetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_genetics

    An image of multiple chromosomes, taken from many cells. Plant genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity specifically in plants. [1] [2] It is generally considered a field of biology and botany, but intersects frequently with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems.

  6. Mutagenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutagenesis

    DNA may be modified, either naturally or artificially, by a number of physical, chemical and biological agents, resulting in mutations. Hermann Muller found that "high temperatures" have the ability to mutate genes in the early 1920s, [2] and in 1927, demonstrated a causal link to mutation upon experimenting with an x-ray machine, noting phylogenetic changes when irradiating fruit flies with ...

  7. Genetic transformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_transformation

    A number of methods are available to transfer DNA into plant cells. Some vector-mediated methods are: Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is the easiest and most simple plant transformation. Plant tissue (often leaves) are cut into small pieces, e.g. 10x10mm, and soaked for ten minutes in a fluid containing suspended Agrobacterium. The ...

  8. Mutagenesis (molecular biology technique) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutagenesis_(molecular...

    Types of mutations that can be introduced by random, site-directed, combinatorial, or insertional mutagenesis. In molecular biology, mutagenesis is an important laboratory technique whereby DNA mutations are deliberately engineered to produce libraries of mutant genes, proteins, strains of bacteria, or other genetically modified organisms.

  9. Transposon mutagenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transposon_Mutagenesis

    The DNA-binding domain of Tnp resides in the 55 N-terminal amino acids, and so these residues are essential for function. [6] The IS50R and IS50L sequences are both flanked by 19-base pair elements on the inside and outside ends of the transposon, labelled IE and OE respectively. Mutation of these regions results in an inability of transposase ...