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Levonorgestrel, also known as 17α-ethynyl-18-methyl-19-nortestosterone or as 17α-ethynyl-18-methylestr-4-en-17β-ol-3-one, is a synthetic estrane steroid and a derivative of testosterone. [ 63 ] [ 64 ] It is the C13β or levorotatory stereoisomer and enantiopure form of norgestrel , the C13α or dextrorotatory isomer being inactive.
The ovulation-inhibiting dose of norgestrel appears to be greater than 75 μg/day, as ovulation occurred in 50 to 75% of cycles with this dosage of norgestrel in studies. [17] The ovulation-inhibiting dosage of levonorgestrel, which is twice as potent as norgestrel, is approximately 50 to 60 μg/day.
Levonorgestrel emergency contraception has an efficiency rate of 89% if it's used correctly within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse. That means 11 out of 100 people who use it after ...
The Yuzpe regimen is a method of emergency contraception that uses a combination of ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel, specifically 1 mg of norgestrel (or 0.50mg of levonorgestrel) and 100 mcg of ethinyl estradiol ASAP and again in 12 hrs.
Other combined hormonal contraceptives (those containing both an estrogen and a progestin) may also be used in an extended or continuous cycle. For example, the NuvaRing vaginal ring [4] and the contraceptive patch [5] have been studied for extended cycle use, and the monthly combined injectable contraceptive may similarly eliminate bleeding. [6]
Norgestimate is a rapidly and completely converted prodrug, mainly of norelgestromin (17β-deacetylnorgestimate or levonorgestrel 3-oxime), but also of levonorgestrel (3-keto-17β-deacetylnorgestimate) to a lesser extent (22 ± 6% of an administered dose or about 40–70 μg) [2] and of levonorgestrel acetate (levonorgestrel 17β-acetate) in ...