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During the Protestant Reformation, certain Protestant theologians brought back a view of salvation (soteriology) that excluded purgatory. This was the result of an interpretation of the Bible regarding justification and sanctification on the part of the reformers.
The general Protestant view is that the biblical canon, from which Protestants exclude deuterocanonical books such as 2 Maccabees (though this book is included in traditional Protestant Bibles in the intertestamental Apocrypha section), contains no overt, explicit discussion of purgatory as taught in the Roman Catholic sense, and therefore it ...
'grieving') [8] emphasizes the nature of souls' experience in Purgatory; they are suffering the temporal consequences of their sins to redemptive effect. The other alternative, expectant (Latin: expectans or exspectans), emphasizes that the souls of Purgatory are awaiting expectantly the beatific vision of heaven.
In general, Protestant churches reject the Catholic doctrine of purgatory (although some teach the existence of an intermediate state). The general Protestant view is that the Bible, from which Protestants exclude deuterocanonical books such as 2 Maccabees, contains no overt, explicit discussion of purgatory. [78]
Gradually, protestant became a general term, meaning any adherent of the Reformation in the German-speaking area. It was ultimately somewhat taken up by Lutherans, even though Martin Luther himself insisted on Christian or evangelical as the only acceptable names for individuals who professed faith in Christ.
Woodcut of an indulgence-seller in a church from a 1521 pamphlet Johann Tetzel's coffer, now on display at St. Nicholaus church in Jüterbog, Germany. Martin Luther, professor of moral theology at the University of Wittenberg and town preacher, [3] wrote the Ninety-five Theses against the contemporary practice of the church with respect to indulgences.
[5] [6] Nonconformist Protestants, such as Baptists, largely ceased praying for the dead. Protestants universally reject the Roman Catholic doctrine of purgatory, while affirming the existence of an intermediate state, usually termed Hades. [7] [8] [9] John Calvin depicted the righteous dead as resting in bliss. [10]
A History of Christianity in the United States and Canada (1992) Rosman, Doreen. The Evolution of the English Churches, 1500–2000 (2003) 400pp; Ryrie, Alec. Protestants: The Faith That Made the Modern World (2017) excerpt, covers last five centuries; Winship, Michael P. Hot Protestants: A History of Puritanism in England and America (Yale UP ...