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The 8.8 cm Flak 18 (Sfl.) auf Zugkraftwagen 12t (Sd.Kfz. 8), also known as the Bunkerflak or Bufla, [1] was a German Wehrmacht half-track self-propelled gun developed before World War II and used in the first half of the war.
The 8.8 cm KwK 36 was derived from the 8.8 cm Flak 36 anti-aircraft gun by adapting/modifying it to the limited space available in tank turrets. Parts of the KwK 36 were built to practically the same design as the 75-millimetre (3.0 in) and 50-millimetre (2.0 in) guns already used in German tanks.
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It was also discovered that two axis stabilisation was insufficient for accurate targeting of aircraft. Both problems were tackled with the subsequent gun carriage C/31 which mounted the 8.8 cm SK C/31 and its improved version the gun carriage C/32 which mounted the 8.8 cm SK C/32. [3] [2]
The name of the gun applies to a series of related guns, the first one officially called the 8.8 cm Flak 18, the improved 8.8 cm Flak 36, and later the 8.8 cm Flak 37. [ N 2 ] Flak is a contraction of German Flugabwehrkanone (also referred to as Fliegerabwehrkanone ) [ 11 ] [ N 3 ] meaning "aircraft-defense cannon", the original purpose of the ...
Eventually these guns were replaced by the new 8.8 cm SK C/31 naval gun, 8.8 cm SK C/32 naval gun or the 10.5 cm Flak 38, with most ships being refitted by 1939. [ 6 ] During the 1930s surviving SK L/45 guns were modified to use the same ammunition as the 8.8 cm SK C/30 naval gun and had similar performance.
The SK C/30 had a barrel and breech end-piece with a half-length loose liner and a vertical sliding breech block. The SK C/30 guns were mounted on a hand-operated MPLC/30 mounting that had a total weight of 5,760 kilograms (12,700 lb) including a 15–10 millimetres (0.59–0.39 in) shield and a fuze-setting machine.
The Pak 43 (Panzerabwehrkanone 43 and Panzerjägerkanone 43 [2] [3] [4]) was a German 8.8 cm anti-tank gun developed by Krupp in competition with the Rheinmetall 8.8 cm Flak 41 anti-aircraft gun and used during World War II.