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Management of tuberculosis refers to techniques and procedures utilized for treating tuberculosis (TB), or simply a treatment plan for TB. The medical standard for active TB is a short course treatment involving a combination of isoniazid , rifampicin (also known as Rifampin), pyrazinamide , and ethambutol for the first two months.
Directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS, also known as TB-DOTS) is the name given to the tuberculosis (TB) control strategy recommended by the World Health Organization. [1] According to WHO, "The most cost-effective way to stop the spread of TB in communities with a high incidence is by curing it.
Isoniazid, also known as isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH), is an antibiotic used for the treatment of tuberculosis. [4] For active tuberculosis, it is often used together with rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and either streptomycin or ethambutol. [5] For latent tuberculosis, it is often used alone. [4]
M. tuberculosis is able to reproduce inside the macrophage and will eventually kill the immune cell. The primary site of infection in the lungs, known as the Ghon focus, is generally located in either the upper part of the lower lobe, or the lower part of the upper lobe. [13] Tuberculosis of the lungs may also occur via infection from the blood ...
Pyrazinamide diffuses into the granuloma of M. tuberculosis, where the tuberculosis enzyme pyrazinamidase converts pyrazinamide to the active form pyrazinoic acid. [15] Under acidic conditions of pH 5 to 6, the pyrazinoic acid that slowly leaks out converts to the protonated conjugate acid, which is thought to diffuse easily back into the ...
Aspergilloma in an old tuberculosis cavity; healed, calcified tuberculous lesions are also present towards the right of the image Healed tuberculous cavity, where the entire left lung is destroyed. Post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) is ongoing lung disease that is caused by tuberculosis (TB) but persists after the infection is cured. [1]
The medical history includes obtaining the symptoms of pulmonary TB: productive, prolonged cough of three or more weeks, chest pain, and hemoptysis.Systemic symptoms include low grade remittent fever, chills, night sweats, appetite loss, weight loss, easy fatiguability, and production of sputum that starts out mucoid but changes to purulent. [1]
A meta-analysis in 2014 found that the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine reduced infections by 19–27% and reduced progression to active tuberculosis by 71%. [15] The Ohio Department of Health states that it give 80% of children protection against tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis.