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In fixed retainers, composite is usually placed to bond and to cover the wire, whilst ensuring no interference in the interdental space. Fixed retainers are used in situations where instability is more likely, such as severe rotations, periodontal disease and median diastemas. Occasionally the patient will require a removable retainer as well.
A removable appliance is usually used by patients who have high degree of compliance with their orthodontic treatment. Fixed appliances are able to produce very accurate movement in the teeth [ 1 ] Both fixed and removable functional appliances can be used to correct a malocclusion in three planes: Anterior-Posterior, Vertical and Transverse.
Retainers help in maintaining and stabilizing the position of teeth long enough to permit the reorganization of the supporting structures after the active phase of orthodontic therapy. If the patient does not wear the retainer appropriately and/or for the right amount of time, the teeth may move towards their previous position.
Charles Augustus Hawley (March 13, 1861 – July 22, 1929) was an American orthodontist who is known for developing the Hawley retainer which is used in the field of Orthodontics. He attended Angle School of Orthodontia and graduated from there in 1905.
A Hawley retainer is also a removable orthodontic appliance made from a combination of plastic and metal that is custom-molded to fit the patient's mouth. Removable retainers will be worn for different periods of time, depending on the patient's need to stabilize the dentition.
In the United States a smart retainer sensor is exclusively provided by orthodontists who have signed up to be providers, and should retail for around $100. The SMART Retainer was featured on the May 15 episode of The Today Show. [1] Here is an abstract of an article in the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics:
Chishti conceived of the basic design of InvisAlign while an adult orthodontics patient. During his treatment with a retainer intended to complete his treatment, he posited that a series of such devices could effect a large final placement in a series of small movements. [9] [10] [23] Sales began in the U.S. in 1999. [4] [11]
Việt-nam bách-khoa từ-điển (Encyclopedia of Vietnam), a set of encyclopedias with annotations in Chinese, English and French by Đào Đăng Vỹ, a Vietnamese scholar; published from 1959 to 1963 in Saigon, Republic of Vietnam. [3] [4]