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Super hygroscopic polymer films composed of biomass and hygroscopic salts are able to condense moisture from atmospheric humidity. [16] By implementing rapid sorption-desorption kinetics and operating 14–24 cycles per day, this technique produced an equivalent water yield of 5.8–13.3 L kg −1 of sustainable raw materials, demonstrating the ...
Gypsum (CaSO 4.2H 2 O) is a hydrate solid that, in a sufficiently dry environment, will give up its water to the gas phase and form anhydrite (CaSO 4). Copper(II) sulfate (bluestone) (CuSO 4 .5H 2 O) is a blue crystalline solid that when exposed to air, slowly loses water of crystallization from its surface to form a white layer of anhydrous ...
3 → CoCl 2 [P(C 6 H 5) 3] 2 + 6 H 2 O. Salts of the anionic complex CoCl 4 2− can be prepared using tetraethylammonium chloride: [13] CoCl 2 + 2 [(C 2 H 5) 4 N]Cl → [(C 2 H 5) 4 N)] 2 [CoCl 4] The tetrachlorocobaltate ion [CoCl 4] 2− is the blue ion that forms upon addition of hydrochloric acid to aqueous solutions of hydrated cobalt ...
Table 2: Critical relative humidities of mixtures of salts at 30°C (values are percent relative humidity). As shown, the effect of salt mixing is most dramatic in the case of ammonium nitrate with urea. This mixture has an extremely low critical relative humidity and can therefore only be used in liquid fertilisers (so called UAN-solutions).
Hygroscopic is a property of a substance to absorb or adsorb water from its surrounding (one example of this would be dessicator type of compounds). [2] And finally in this volume of scientific american they seem to refer to a hygroscope as an instrument measuring if there is water in the air & a hygrometer as an instrument which quantifies the ...
3 c 2 h 5 oh + 2 k 2 cr 2 o 7 + 8 h 2 so 4 → 3 ch 3 cooh + 2 cr 2 (so 4) 3 + 2 k 2 so 4 + 11 h 2 o The excess dichromate is determined by titration against sodium thiosulfate . Adding the amount of excess dichromate from the initial amount, gives the amount of ethanol present.
[2] [3] This is the opposite use of a hygroscopic material where it is used as a desiccant used to draw moisture away. In pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, humectants can be used in topical dosage forms to increase the solubility of a chemical compound's active ingredients, increasing the active ingredients' ability to penetrate skin, or its ...
This colorless deliquescent salt is one of the main sources of the thiocyanate anion. As such, it is used as a precursor for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other specialty chemicals. [2] Thiocyanate salts are typically prepared by the reaction of cyanide with elemental sulfur: 8 NaCN + S 8 → 8 NaSCN