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Dysmenorrhea, also known as period pain, painful periods or menstrual cramps, is pain during menstruation. [4] [5] [2] Its usual onset occurs around the time that menstruation begins. [1] Symptoms typically last less than three days. [1] The pain is usually in the pelvis or lower abdomen. [1] Other symptoms may include back pain, diarrhea or ...
If the pain is prolonged and/or severe, other diagnostic procedures such as an abdominal ultrasound may be performed to rule out other causes of abdominal pain. The pain of mittelschmerz is sometimes mistaken for appendicitis and is one of the differential diagnoses for appendicitis in women of child-bearing age.
The World Health Organization recommends using a two step treatment approach based on the level of pain in children. The first step explains mild pain treatment, while the second step considers moderate to severe pain. Opioids, such as morphine, is an example of a drug of choice for moderate-severe pain in children with medical illnesses. [36]
Causes of dysmenorrhea, or menstrual pain, include endometriosis, pelvic scarring due to chlamydia or gonorrhea, and intrauterine devices or IUDs. [24] Primary dysmenorrhea is when there is no underlying cause that is identified, and secondary dysmenorrhea is when the menstrual pain is caused by other conditions such as endometriosis , fibroids ...
Conditions that should be ruled out include ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, interstitial cystitis and chronic pelvic pain. [65] Dysmenorrhea occurs less often in those who exercise regularly and those who have children early in life. [65] Treatment may include the use of a heating pad. [66]
Some treatments for pain can be harmful if overused. [6] A goal of pain management for the patient and their health care provider is to identify the amount of treatment needed to address the pain without going beyond that limit. [6] Another problem with pain management is that pain is the body's natural way of communicating a problem. [6]
Painful (i.e. associated with dysmenorrhea): Pelvic inflammatory disease; Adenomyosis - extension of the endometrial tissue into the outer muscular wall of the uterus which can cause pain and abnormal bleeds when the endometrium sheds; Pregnancy related complication (i.e. miscarriage) Short cycle (less than 21 days) but normal menses.
Young children often cannot describe their pain in ways that adults understand, and even older children may lack the vocabulary to clearly communicate with medical professionals. [43] Doctors, especially general practitioners, may also lack experience diagnosing or treating paediatric chronic pain disorders, and so make patients and their ...