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  2. 18-electron rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18-electron_rule

    The 18-electron rule is a chemical rule of thumb used primarily for predicting and rationalizing formulas for stable transition metal complexes, especially organometallic compounds. [1] The rule is based on the fact that the valence orbitals in the electron configuration of transition metals consist of five ( n −1)d orbitals, one n s orbital ...

  3. Tolman's rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolman's_rule

    Tolman's rule states that, in a certain chemical reaction, the steps involve exclusively intermediates of 18- and 16 electron configuration. The rule is an extension of the 18-electron rule . This rule was proposed by American chemist Chadwick A. Tolman . [ 1 ]

  4. Electron counting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_counting

    Many rules in chemistry rely on electron-counting: Octet rule is used with Lewis structures for main group elements, especially the lighter ones such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, 18-electron rule [2] in inorganic chemistry and organometallic chemistry of transition metals, Hückel's rule for the π-electrons of aromatic compounds,

  5. Chemical reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reaction

    Nuclear chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that involves the chemical reactions of unstable and radioactive elements where both electronic and nuclear changes can occur. The substance (or substances) initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants or reagents.

  6. Eighteen electron rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/?title=Eighteen_electron_rule&...

    Printable version; In other projects Appearance. move to sidebar hide. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirect page. Redirect to: 18-electron rule;

  7. Chadwick A. Tolman - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chadwick_A._Tolman

    In 1972, he proposed the 16 and 18 electron rule, extending Irving Langmuir's 18-Electron rule to include the many examples of stable 16 electron square planar d 8 complexes. [4] Later work focused on the activation of C-H bonds by transition metal complexes [ 5 ] [ 6 ] and free radical oxidation of cyclohexane for the production of adipic acid ...

  8. Reductive elimination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductive_elimination

    Reductive elimination is an elementary step in organometallic chemistry in which the oxidation state of the metal center decreases while forming a new covalent bond between two ligands. It is the microscopic reverse of oxidative addition, and is often the product-forming step in many catalytic processes. Since oxidative addition and reductive ...

  9. Electron configurations of the elements (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_configurations_of...

    As an approximate rule, electron configurations are given by the Aufbau principle and the Madelung rule. However there are numerous exceptions; for example the lightest exception is chromium, which would be predicted to have the configuration 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 4 4s 2 , written as [Ar] 3d 4 4s 2 , but whose actual configuration given ...