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Psalmopoeus cambridgei, the Trinidad chevron tarantula, is a species of spider in the family Theraphosidae, endemic to Trinidad. Its venom is the source of psalmotoxin and vanillotoxin which are classified as inhibitor cystine knot proteins. Psalmotoxin may be of therapeutic use in patients with a stroke.
Psalmopoeus is a genus of the family Theraphosidae containing various species of tarantulas. The genus is native to Trinidad and Tobago , Colombia , Ecuador , Venezuela , Guyana , Brazil , Belize , Panama , Nicaragua , Costa Rica , Mexico , Guatemala and Honduras .
Psalmotoxin (PcTx1) is a spider toxin from the venom of the Trinidad tarantula Psalmopoeus cambridgei. [1] [2] It selectively blocks Acid Sensing Ion Channel 1-a (ASIC1a), which is a proton-gated sodium channel.
In the mountains of Ecuador lurked an eight-eyed creature with a “bad temperament.” When scientists encountered the hairy animal, they discovered its bristly personality — and a new species.
In humans, the effect of VaTxs has not been systematically studied. In general, the venom of P. cambridgei is known to produce pain, but the amount of toxin that is present in a bite is too low to cause serious health problems [1]. The effects of VaTxs on TRPV1 and K v 2 have been studied by injecting VaTxs subcutaneously in mice. [1]
Psalmopoeus irminia Saager, 1994 - Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil; Psalmopoeus langenbucheri Schmidt, Bullmer & Thierer-Lutz, 2006 - Venezuela; Psalmopoeus maya Witt, 1996 - Belize; Psalmopoeus plantaris Pocock, 1903 - Colombia; Psalmopoeus pulcher Petrunkevitch, 1925 - Panama; Psalmopoeus reduncus (Karsch, 1880) - Belize to Panama; Psalmopoeus ...
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A few species of large tarantulas may be found in forested areas and even in houses at the forest edge such as the Trinidad chevron tarantula (Psalmopoeus cambridgei), [53] as well as the Trinidad dwarf tarantula (Cyriocosmus elegans) [54] and the pinktoe tarantula (Avicularia avicularia). [55]