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  2. Organic-rich sedimentary rocks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic-rich_sedimentary_rocks

    Organic-rich sedimentary rocks may act as source rocks which generate hydrocarbons that accumulate in other sedimentary "reservoir" rocks [2] (see oil sands and petroleum geology). Potential source rocks are any type of sedimentary rock that the ability to dispel available carbon from within it (limestone is a classic example of a source rock ...

  3. Sedimentary organic matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_organic_matter

    Sedimentary organic matter includes the organic carbon component of sediments and sedimentary rocks. The organic matter is usually a component of sedimentary material even if it is present in low abundance (usually lower than 1%). Petroleum (or oil) and natural gas are particular examples of sedimentary organic matter.

  4. Geochemistry of carbon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geochemistry_of_carbon

    The particulate organic matter in sediments is about 20% of known molecules 80% of material that cannot be analysed. Detritivores consume some of the fallen organic materials. Aerobic bacteria and fungi also consume organic matter in the oxic surface parts of the sediment. Coarse-grained sediments are oxygenated to about half a meter, but fine ...

  5. Sedimentary rock - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_rock

    Uluru (Ayers Rock) is a large sandstone formation in Northern Territory, Australia.. Sedimentary rocks can be subdivided into four groups based on the processes responsible for their formation: clastic sedimentary rocks, biochemical (biogenic) sedimentary rocks, chemical sedimentary rocks, and a fourth category for "other" sedimentary rocks formed by impacts, volcanism, and other minor processes.

  6. Rock (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)

    In geology, rock (or stone) is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. It is categorized by the minerals included, its chemical composition , and the way in which it is formed.

  7. Kerogen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerogen

    Kerogen is solid, insoluble organic matter in sedimentary rocks. It consists of a variety of organic materials, including dead plants, algae, and other microorganisms, that have been compressed and heated by geological processes. All the kerogen on earth is estimated to contain 10 16 tons of carbon. This makes it the most abundant source of ...

  8. Diagenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagenesis

    Organic matter is mineralized, liberating gaseous carbon dioxide (CO 2) in the porewater, which, depending on the conditions, can diffuse into the water column. The various processes of mineralization in this phase are nitrification and denitrification , manganese oxide reduction, iron hydroxide reduction, sulfate reduction , and fermentation .

  9. Carbonate rock - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate_rock

    Carbonate rocks are a class of sedimentary rocks composed primarily of carbonate minerals. The two major types are limestone , which is composed of calcite or aragonite (different crystal forms of CaCO 3 ), and dolomite rock (also known as dolostone), which is composed of dolomite (CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 ).

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