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Tunnel Construction. Tunnels are dug in types of materials varying from soft clay to hard rock. The method of tunnel construction depends on such factors as the ground conditions, the ground water conditions, the length and diameter of the tunnel drive, the depth of the tunnel, the logistics of supporting the tunnel excavation, the final use and shape of the tunnel and appropriate risk management.
Underground construction workers often work under reduced light condition, in dangerous spaces, and are at a high risk of exposure to contaminants, fire, and explosions. In the United States the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) first adopted unique regulations for underground construction in 1971. OSHA regulates underground ...
The Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnel, is a $3.3 billion 2.83-kilometre (1.76 mi), double-decker bored highway tunnel under Downtown Seattle. Construction began in July 2013 using "Bertha", at the time the world's largest earth pressure balance tunnel boring machine, with a 17.5-metre (57.5 ft) cutterhead diameter. After several delays ...
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Tunnel construction is a sub-discipline of civil engineering [3] and usually the domain of engineers and construction companies. When civilians dig tunnels it may be for criminal purposes, like smuggling or hiding illegal goods, [2] or gaining unauthorised access to an area. People may also build escape tunnels, such as those under the Berlin Wall.
Longest tunnel of the Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project [93] Railway Twin Tube Mont d'Ambin Base Tunnel: Cottian Alps, France/Italy 57,500 m (35.729 mi) 2032 [94] Part of the Lyon–Turin high-speed railway. Reconnaissance tunnels under construction since 2002; construction of main tunnel started in 2016. [95] Railway Twin Tube Brenner ...
Secret escape tunnels used by the Assad family have been discovered after their tyrannical regime was overthrown by Syrian rebel forces over the weekend.. A video allegedly shows an underground ...
Israeli troops located and destroyed a more than 300-foot-long underground tunnel used by Hezbollah's Radwan Forces as a terrorist hideout, the IDF said Saturday. The Israeli military said it ...