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Potassium permanganate (KMnO 4) is a dark violet colored powder. Its reaction with glycerol (commonly known as glycerin or glycerine) (C 3 H 5 (OH) 3) is highly exothermic, resulting rapidly in a flame, along with the formation of carbon dioxide and water vapour: 14 KMnO 4 (s) + 4 C 3 H 5 (OH) 3 (l) → 7 K 2 CO 3 (s) + 7 Mn 2 O 3 (s) + 5 CO 2 ...
Fumaric acid or trans-butenedioic acid is an organic compound with the formula HO 2 CCH=CHCO 2 H. A white solid, fumaric acid occurs widely in nature. It has a fruit-like taste and has been used as a food additive. Its E number is E297. [3] The salts and esters are known as fumarates. Fumarate can also refer to the C 4 H 2 O 2− 4 ion (in ...
Addition of concentrated sulfuric acid to potassium permanganate gives Mn 2 O 7. [76] Although no reaction may be apparent, the vapor over the mixture will ignite paper impregnated with alcohol. Potassium permanganate and sulfuric acid react to produce some ozone, which has a high oxidizing power and rapidly oxidizes the alcohol, causing it to ...
A permanganate can oxidize an amine to a nitro compound, [7] [8] an alcohol to a ketone, [9] an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid, [10] [11] a terminal alkene to a carboxylic acid, [12] oxalic acid to carbon dioxide, [13] and an alkene to a diol. [14] This list is not exhaustive. In alkene oxidations one intermediate is a cyclic Mn(V) species: [15]
In the Hooker reaction (1936) an alkyl chain in a certain naphthoquinone (phenomenon first observed in the compound lapachol) is reduced by one methylene unit as carbon dioxide in each potassium permanganate oxidation.
The chemical chameleon reaction shows the process in reverse, by reducing violet potassium permanganate first to green potassium manganate and eventually to brown manganese dioxide: [1] [2] [5] KMnO 4 (violet) → K 2 MnO 4 (green) → MnO 2 (brown/yellow suspension) Blue potassium hypomanganate may also form as an intermediate. [6]
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The oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids can be carried out using a variety of reagents, but O 2 /air and nitric acid dominate as the oxidants on a commercial scale. Large scale oxidations of this type are used for the conversion of cyclohexanol alone or as a mixture with cyclohexanone to adipic acid .