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In advanced HIV infection, TB often presents atypically with extrapulmonary (systemic) disease a common feature. Symptoms are usually constitutional and are not localized to one particular site, often affecting bone marrow, bone, urinary and gastrointestinal tracts, liver, regional lymph nodes, and the central nervous system. [19]
HIV is spread primarily by unprotected sex (including anal and vaginal sex), contaminated hypodermic needles or blood transfusions, and from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding. [18] Some bodily fluids, such as saliva, sweat, and tears, do not transmit the virus. [19] Oral sex has little risk of transmitting the virus. [20]
Two types of HIV have been characterized: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is the virus that was initially discovered and termed both lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV) and human T-lymphotropic virus 3 (HTLV-III). HIV-1 is more virulent and more infective than HIV-2, [20] and is the cause of the majority of HIV infections globally. The lower ...
What Is Joint Pain? Joint pain is pain associated with one of the many joints in your body. The medical term for joint pain is arthralgia. Joints commonly affected by pain:. Knee
This swelling may be on one side or both sides, may cause disfigurement and may be painful. [2] Xerostomia (dry mouth) with no other cause such as a side effect of medications. [2] HIV-SGD may be the presenting sign of HIV infection. [3] There may also be xerophthalmia (dry eyes) and arthralgia (joint pain), similar to Sjögren syndrome. [3]
One of the most common communities at risk is the gay community as it is commonly transmitted through unsafe sex. [6] The main factor that contributes to HIV infection within the gay/bisexual community is that gay men do not use protection when performing anal sex or other sexual activities which can lead to a higher risk of HIV infections. [7]
One study revealed that injection of the medication lenacapavir every six months could greatly reduce the risk for HIV infection among at-risk individuals. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV ...
Severe weight loss (>10% of presumed or measured body weight) Oral candidiasis; Oral hairy leukoplakia; Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) diagnosed in last two years; Severe presumed bacterial infections (e.g. pneumonia, empyema, meningitis, bacteraemia, pyomyositis, bone or joint infection) Acute necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis, gingivitis or ...