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Later, in 42 BCE, Roman women, led by Hortensia, successfully protested against laws designed to tax Roman women, by use of the argument of no taxation without representation. [167] Evidence of a lessening on luxury restrictions can also be found; one of the Letters of Pliny is addressed to the woman Pompeia Celerina praising the luxuries she ...
The laws of ancient Rome law, like the laws of ancient Athens law, profoundly disfavored women. [33] Roman citizenship was tiered, and women could hold a form of second-class citizenship with certain limited legal privileges and protections unavailable to non-citizens, freedmen, or slaves, but not on par with men.
Under Roman law, there were several forms of tutela ("guardianship" or "tutelage"), mainly for people such as minors and women who ordinarily in Roman society would be under the legal protection and control of a paterfamilias, but who for whatever reasons were sui iuris, legally emancipated.
This is a partial list of Roman laws. A Roman law ( Latin : lex ) is usually named for the sponsoring legislator and designated by the adjectival form of his gens name ( nomen gentilicum ), in the feminine form because the noun lex (plural leges ) is of feminine grammatical gender .
The Edict of Caracalla (officially the Constitutio Antoniniana in Latin: "Constitution [or Edict] of Antoninus") was an edict issued in AD 212 by the Roman Emperor Caracalla, which declared that all free men in the Roman Empire were to be given full Roman citizenship and all free women in the Empire were given the same rights as Roman women ...
The Laws of the Twelve Tables (Latin: lex duodecim tabularum) was the legislation that stood at the foundation of Roman law. Formally promulgated in 449 BC, the Tables consolidated earlier traditions into an enduring set of laws. [1] [2] In the Forum, "The Twelve Tables" stated the rights and duties of the Roman citizen.
He also declared that a woman's desire to spend money was a disease that could not be cured, but only restrained; the removal of Lex Oppia, Cato said, would render society helpless in limiting the expenditures of women. Cato pronounced that Roman women already corrupted by luxury were like wild animals who have once tasted blood in the sense ...
Funerary stele from Roman-era Thessaloniki (168–190 CE) depicting a woman and her deceased husband, the couple's three sons, and an older woman who is possibly their grandmother. The jus trium liberorum was a reward gained by compliance with the leges Iulia and Papia Poppea. The privilege concerned both sexes, but impacted women more than men.