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The advantage of active monoclonal antibody therapy is the fact that the immune system will produce antibodies long-term, with only a short-term drug administration to induce this response. However, the immune response to certain antigens may be inadequate, especially in the elderly.
When used as drugs, the International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) end in -mab. The remaining syllables of the INNs, as well as the column Source, are explained in Nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies. Types of monoclonal antibodies with other structures than naturally occurring antibodies. The abbreviations in the column Type are as follows:
A general representation of the method used to produce monoclonal antibodies [1] [2] A monoclonal antibody (mAb, more rarely called moAb) is an antibody produced from a cell lineage made by cloning a unique white blood cell. All subsequent antibodies derived this way trace back to a unique parent cell.
Aducanumab, sold under the brand name Aduhelm, is a monoclonal antibody designed to treat Alzheimer's disease. It is a monoclonal antibody that targets aggregated forms (plaque) of amyloid beta (Aβ) found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease to reduce its buildup. [10] It was developed by Biogen and Eisai. [11] Aducanumab is given via intravenous infusion. [5] Aducanumab was ...
Common side effects include infections, acute infusion reactions, and abdominal pain. [23] Infliximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody biologic. It seems to work by binding to and neutralizing TNF-α, preventing it from interacting with its receptors on the cell. [23] TNF-α is a chemical messenger and a key part of the autoimmune reaction.
Avelumab, sold under the brand name Bavencio, is a fully human monoclonal antibody medication for the treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma. [ 5 ] Common side effects include fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, diarrhea, nausea, infusion-related reactions, rash, decreased appetite and swelling of the ...
Tralokinumab is indicated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adults who are candidates for systemic therapy. [5] [3]In the United States, tralokinumab is indicated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adults whose disease is not adequately controlled with topical prescription therapies or when those therapies are not advisable.
Galcanezumab is a monoclonal antibody (a type of protein) designed to attach to and block CGRP, thereby helping blood vessels to return to their normal size. [3] This will stop the symptoms of migraine. [3] Galcanezumab is generally delivered through self-injections. [7] Common side effects include injection site reactions such as pain or redness.