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Status epilepticus (SE), or status seizure, is a medical condition with abnormally prolonged seizures. It can have long-term consequences, [ 3 ] manifesting as a single seizure lasting more than a defined time (time point 1), or 2 or more seizures over the same period without the person returning to normal between them.
The underlying cause is unclear. [1] Often there is an upper respiratory tract or gastroenteritis one day to two weeks before onset. [1] Diagnosis involves extensive testing to rule out other possible causes. [2] [5] It is a type of new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE). [5] The seizures are often resistant to treatment. [2]
Brief seizures, such as absence seizures lasting 5–10 seconds, do not cause observable brain damage. [42] More prolonged seizures have a higher risk of neuronal death. [42] Prolonged and recurrent seizures, such as status epilepticus, typically cause brain damage. [42]
Mortality is often related to the underlying cause of the seizures, status epilepticus, suicide, trauma, and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). [194] Death from status epilepticus is primarily due to an underlying problem rather than missing doses of medications. [194]
Early electroencephalography is recommended if there is a possibility of non-convulsive or subtle status epilepticus. They are examined for disorders such as sarcoidosis, porphyria, and other unusual systemic disorders. Information is gathered on the drug, medication history, and its withdrawal.
However, the prolonged seizure of febrile status epilepticus leads to a 9% risk for developing epilepsy. [26] There is no clear relationship between febrile seizures and development of hippocampal sclerosis. [26] Those who experienced any sort of brain injury in their early life have a higher risk of developing epilepsy. [12]
Febrile status epilepticus is a subtype of complex febrile seizures that lasts for longer than 30 minutes. [7] It can occur in up to 5% of febrile seizure cases. [ 13 ]
Status epilepticus is a seizure "lasting longer than 30 minutes or a series of seizures without return to the baseline level of alertness between seizures." [ 12 ] Epilepsia partialis continua is a rare type of focal motor seizure, commonly involving the hands or face , which recurs with intervals of seconds or minutes, lasting for extended ...
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