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The rifamycin group includes the classic rifamycin drugs as well as the rifamycin derivatives rifampicin (or rifampin), rifabutin, rifapentine, rifalazil and rifaximin. Rifamycin, sold under the trade name Aemcolo, is approved in the United States for treatment of travelers' diarrhea in some circumstances. [1] [2] [3]
A shorter 2-month course of rifampicin and pyrazinamide had previously been recommended but is no longer recommended due to high rates of hepatotoxicity. [16] Rifampicin should be taken on an empty stomach with a glass of water. It is generally taken either at least one hour before meals or two hours after meals. [17]
It produces the rifamycin antibiotics (e.g., rifamycin SV), which are used to treat mycobacterial diseases such as tuberculosis and leprosy. [2] The type strain of Amycolatopsis rifamycinica (DSM 46095) has been reclassified several times. When it was first isolated from a French soil sample in 1957, it was identified as Streptomyces ...
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For Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the rifamycin-resistant mutations most commonly encountered involve codons 516, 526, and 531 (numbered, by convention, as in Escherichia coli rpoB). [ 11 ] [ 12 ] These mutations result in high rifampicin resistance with a relatively low loss of fitness. [ 8 ]
These may include poor coordination, loss of appetite, nausea, joint pain, feeling tired, and numbness. [2] Severe side effects include liver problems. [3] Use in those under the age of 15 may not be appropriate. [3] It is unclear if use in pregnancy is safe for the baby. [3]
Rifapentine is in the rifamycin family of medication and works by blocking DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. [3] Rifapentine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1998. [2] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [4] In many areas of the world it is not easy to get as of 2015. [5]
"Omeprazole".Drug Information Portal.U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Amoxicillin".Drug Information Portal.U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Rifabutin".