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The properties of ruthenium and osmium compounds are often similar. The +2, +3, and +4 states are the most common. The +2, +3, and +4 states are the most common. The most prevalent precursor is ruthenium trichloride , a red solid that is poorly defined chemically but versatile synthetically.
The properties of ruthenium and osmium compounds are often similar. The +2, +3, and +4 states are the most common. The +2, +3, and +4 states are the most common. The most prevalent precursor is ruthenium trichloride , a red solid that is poorly defined chemically but versatile synthetically.
Ruthenium(IV) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Ru O 2. This black solid is the most common oxide of ruthenium . It is widely used as an electrocatalyst for producing chlorine, chlorine oxides, and O 2 . [ 1 ]
With its similar properties to and lower cost than rhodium, electric contacts are a major use of ruthenium. The ruthenium plate is applied to the electrical contact and electrode base metal by electroplating or sputtering. Osmium is a hard but brittle metal that remains lustrous even at high temperatures. It has a very low compressibility.
The six platinum-group metals are ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum. They have similar physical and chemical properties, and tend to occur together in the same mineral deposits. [ 2 ]
The most important reagents for the introduction of ruthenium are ruthenium(III) chloride and triruthenium dodecacarbonyl. In its organometallic compounds, ruthenium is known to adopt oxidation states from -2 ([Ru(CO) 4] 2−) to +6 ([RuN(Me)4] −). Most common are those in the 2+ oxidation state, as illustrated below.
Naturally occurring ruthenium (44 Ru) is composed of seven stable isotopes (of which two may in the future be found radioactive). Additionally, 27 radioactive isotopes have been discovered. Of these radioisotopes, the most stable are 106 Ru, with a half-life of 373.59 days; 103 Ru, with a half-life of 39.26 days and 97 Ru, with a half-life of 2 ...
Palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and osmium form a group of elements referred to as the platinum group metals (PGMs). These have similar chemical properties, but palladium has the lowest melting point and is the least dense of them. The unique properties of palladium and other platinum group metals account for their widespread use.