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  2. Annuloaortic ectasia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annuloaortic_ectasia

    On a gross level, there is a pear-shaped, symmetric enlargement due to proximal aortic dilation. The aortic wall dilatation at the commissural level causes the cusps to effectively shorten and prevent them from converging during systole, which results in aortic valve incompetence. The arch is typically spared from the aneurysmal process, though ...

  3. Mitral annular calcification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitral_annular_calcification

    Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is a multifactorial chronic degenerative process in which calcium with lipid is deposited in the annular fibrosa ring of the heart's mitral valve. MAC was first discovered and described in 1908 by M. Bonninger in the journal Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift . [ 1 ]

  4. Mitral valve replacement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitral_valve_replacement

    The valve is excised 4–5 mm from the annulus, leaving intact the attached chordae unless they are calcified or otherwise diseased. The valve is replaced by a mechanical or bioprosthetic valve. The replacement valve is sewn into the annulus with interrupted or horizontal mattress sutures with the pledgets on the atrial side. [17]

  5. Cardiac skeleton - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_skeleton

    The left atrioventricular ring is closely connected, by its right margin, with the aortic arterial ring; between these and the right atrioventricular ring is a triangular mass of fibrous tissue, the fibrous trigone, which represents the os cordis seen in the heart of some of the larger animals, such as the ox.

  6. Aortic valve repair - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_valve_repair

    Aortic valve repair or aortic valve reconstruction is the reconstruction of both form and function of a dysfunctional aortic valve. Most frequently it is used for the treatment of aortic regurgitation. [1] It can also become necessary for the treatment of aortic aneurysm, less frequently for congenital aortic stenosis.

  7. Mitral stenosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitral_stenosis

    An opening snap that is a high-pitch additional sound may be heard after the A 2 (aortic) component of the second heart sound (S 2), which correlates to the forceful opening of the mitral valve. The mitral valve opens when the pressure in the left atrium is greater than the pressure in the left ventricle.

  8. Aortic valve replacement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_valve_replacement

    The aortic valve is opened during systole, the driving force for it to open is the difference in pressure between the contracting left ventricle of the heart and the aorta. During cardiac diastole (when the heart chamber gets bigger) the aortic valve closes. [5] Aortic stenosis most commonly is the result of calcification of the cusps.

  9. Valvular heart disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valvular_heart_disease

    Stenosis of the aortic valve is characterized by a thickening of the valvular annulus or leaflets that limits the ability of blood to be ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta. Stenosis is typically the result of valvular calcification but may be the result of a congenitally malformed bicuspid aortic valve. This defect is characterized ...