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SQL statements also include the semicolon (";") statement terminator. Though not required on every platform, it is defined as a standard part of the SQL grammar. Insignificant whitespace is generally ignored in SQL statements and queries, making it easier to format SQL code for readability.
Major DBMSs, including SQLite, [5] MySQL, [6] Oracle, [7] IBM Db2, [8] Microsoft SQL Server [9] and PostgreSQL [10] support prepared statements. Prepared statements are normally executed through a non-SQL binary protocol for efficiency and protection from SQL injection, but with some DBMSs such as MySQL prepared statements are also available using a SQL syntax for debugging purposes.
SELECT is the most complex statement in SQL, with optional keywords and clauses that include: The FROM clause, which indicates the tables to retrieve data from. The FROM clause can include optional JOIN subclauses to specify the rules for joining tables. The WHERE clause includes a comparison predicate, which restricts the rows returned by the ...
SQL was initially developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce after learning about the relational model from Edgar F. Codd [12] in the early 1970s. [13] This version, initially called SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language), was designed to manipulate and retrieve data stored in IBM's original quasirelational database management system, System R, which a group at IBM San ...
MySQL (/ ˌ m aɪ ˌ ɛ s ˌ k juː ˈ ɛ l /) [5] is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). [5] [6] Its name is a combination of "My", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius's daughter My, [7] and "SQL", the acronym for Structured Query Language.
MySQL Workbench – official (yet 3rd-party developed) integrated environment for MySQL. It was developed by MySQL AB, and enables users to graphically administer MySQL databases and visually design database structures. Adminer – free MySQL front end capable of managing multiple databases, with many CSS skins available. It is a light-weight ...
Files format depends on the ROW_FORMAT table option. The following formats are available: FIXED: Fixed is a format where all data (including variable-length types) have a fixed length. This format is faster to read, and improves corrupted tables repair. If a table contains big variable-length columns (BLOB or TEXT) it cannot use the FIXED format.
The MySQL database supports prepared statements. A prepared statement or a parameterized statement is used to execute the same statement repeatedly with high efficiency. Basic workflow. The prepared statement execution consists of two stages: prepare and execute. At the prepare stage a statement template is sent to the database server.