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The word glenoid is pronounced / ˈ ɡ l iː n ɔɪ d / or / ˈ ɡ l ɛ n ɔɪ d / (both are common) and is from Greek: gléne, "socket", reflecting the shoulder joint's ball-and-socket form. [1] It is a shallow, pyriform articular surface, which is located on the lateral angle of the scapula.
However, in bony terms the 'socket' (the glenoid fossa of the scapula) is quite shallow and small, covering at most only a third of the 'ball' (the head of the humerus). The socket is deepened by the glenoid labrum, stabilizing the shoulder joint. [1] [2]
If the mandibular fossa is very shallow, this can cause problems with the strength of the temporomandibular joint. [5] This can lead to easy subluxation of the joint and trismus (lock jaw). [5] Deformation of the mandibular fossa, often part of temporomandibular dysplasia, causes similar problems in dogs.
The rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder produce a high tensile force, and help to pull the head of the humerus into the glenoid cavity. The glenoid cavity is shallow and contains the glenoid labrum which deepens it and aids stability. With 120 degrees of unassisted flexion, the shoulder joint is the most mobile joint in the body.
In other words, without the rotator cuff, the humeral head would ride up partially out of the glenoid fossa, lessening the efficiency of the deltoid muscle. The anterior and posterior directions of the glenoid fossa are more susceptible to shear force perturbations, as the glenoid fossa is not as deep relative to the superior and inferior ...
In anatomy, a fossa (/ ˈ f ɒ s ə /; [1] [2] pl.: fossae (/ ˈ f ɒ s iː / or / ˈ f ɒ s aɪ /); from Latin 'ditch, trench') is a depression or hollow, usually in a bone, such as the hypophyseal fossa (the depression in the sphenoid bone). [3]
The mandibular joint is broadly developed in Paramylodon and has an unspecialized surface, the associated glenoid fossa on the skull appears shallow, which is typical of herbivores with their rotary chewing movements.
The glenoid cartilage underneath the labrum in the glenohumeral (GH) joint is disrupted by glenolabral articular disruption. [5] The articulation of the humeral head inside the glenoid fossa of the scapula forms the GH joint itself, which is a synovial ball and socket joint.